从个体全基因组序列推断人类人口史
1The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.
Nature
|July 15, 2011
概括
人类人口历史揭示了10-60万年前东亚和欧洲群体的明显瓶. 非洲人口经历了较轻的瓶,更早地恢复,所有群体在60-250万年前都呈现出较高的尺寸.
科学领域:
- 人口遗传学 人口遗传学
- 人类进化人类的进化.
- 古遗传学是古遗传学的一部分.
背景情况:
- 了解人类人口规模历史对于人类进化研究至关重要.
- 之前的研究确定了与非洲以外分散相关的东亚和欧洲人群的创始人事件 (瓶).
- 现有的研究通常依赖于简化的人口模型,缺乏精确的瓶时间.
研究的目的:
- 为了提供一个详细的历史人类人口大小在1万至100万年前.
- 与以前的研究相比,减少对人口规模变化的假设.
- 在不同的人群中推断出人口瓶的时间和严重程度.
主要方法:
- 应用对对顺序马科维亚凝聚 (PSMC) 模型.
- 分析来自不同个体 (中国人,韩国人,欧洲人,约鲁巴人) 的完整双倍基因组序列.
- 纳入了对人口规模变化的假设较少.
主要成果:
- 欧洲和中国的人口分享了类似的规模历史,直到10到20年前.
- 严重的瓶发生在10-60年前的欧洲和中国人口中.
- 非洲人群在60-250年前经历了较温和,较早恢复的瓶和较高的有效人口数量,可能是由于基层结构.
- 人类的遗传分化可能在100-120年前开始,基因交换一直持续到20-40年前.
结论:
- 该研究提供了人类人口的精细的人口统计历史,模型假设较少.
- 在不同的人类祖先中发生了显著的人口规模波动和瓶.
- 推断表明人类遗传差异化和人口间基因流动的复杂时间表.
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