顶部的生活:野生雄性的排名和压力
Laurence R Gesquiere1, Niki H Learn, M Carolina M Simao
1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. lgesquie@princeton.edu
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 19, 2011
概括
主导性雄性具有更高的丸激素和更低的压力激素水平,除了阿尔法雄性表现出高水平的两者之外. 这表明,最高级别可能比以前认为的要昂贵得多.
科学领域:
- 灵长类动物学 灵长类动物学
- 行为生态学 行为生态学
- 内分泌学 在内分泌学.
背景情况:
- 动物群体中的社会等级通常会带来诸如增加生殖成功等好处.
- 维持占优势社会地位所带来的生理成本尚未得到充分理解.
- 以前的假设表明,高压激素仅在不稳定的社会层次上出现.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究雄性萨凡纳的社会支配的长期生理成本.
- 为了检查社会地位,和葡萄糖皮质激素水平之间的关系.
- 测试有关与等级相关的压力激素水平的普遍假设.
主要方法:
- 对草原 (Papio cynocephalus) 的自然种群进行长期观察研究.
- 监测社会地位和收集生理样本以测量激素水平.
- 对丸激素和葡萄糖皮质激素水平与社会层次地位和稳定性相关的分析.
主要成果:
- 高级男性始终表现出比低级男性更高的丸激素水平.
- 高级男性通常表现出较低的葡萄糖皮质激素 (压力激素) 水平,无论等级稳定性如何.
- 阿尔法雄性是一个显著的例外,表现出高水平的丸激素和葡萄糖皮质激素,特别是比β雄性更高的压力激素.
结论:
- 雄性的社会优势与独特的荷尔蒙特征有关.
- 最高的等级 (alpha) 可能会带来显著的生理成本,由增加的压力激素表明.
- 这些发现挑战了以前关于社会统治和稳定层次结构中的压力成本的假设.
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