花的声学:一个盘状叶子的明显回声吸引了蝙蝠授粉者
Ralph Simon1, Marc W Holderied, Corinna U Koch
1Institute of Experimental Ecology, University of Ulm, Albert Einstein Allee 11, D 89069 Ulm, Germany. ralph.simon@uni-ulm.de
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 30, 2011
概括
蝙蝠授粉的花朵使用盘状的叶子创建回声声信号,有效地吸引蝙蝠. 这种独特的适应性显著减少了蝙蝠食时间,有助于授粉.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 生物声学是一种生物声学.
- 动物行为 动物行为
背景情况:
- 白天花朵通过视觉线索吸引授粉者.
- 晚间,蝙蝠授粉的花朵的授粉策略不太清楚.
- 声波定位蝙蝠使用声波导航和食.
研究的目的:
- 为了调查蝙蝠授粉的花是否使用回声声学信号来吸引.
- 为了确定盘状叶子在Marcgravia evenia授粉中的作用.
- 评估这些信号在吸引蝙蝠方面的有效性.
主要方法:
- 对盘状叶子的回声特性进行声学分析.
- 用花游客蝙蝠进行行为实验.
- 用叶子结构和没有叶子结构的食时间的比较.
主要成果:
- 盘状的叶子产生强烈的,多方向的回声与一个独特的签名.
- 这些回声作为蝙蝠的有效声学信标.
- 在叶子的存在下,蝙蝠食时间减少了50%.
结论:
- 马克格拉维亚·埃维尼亚 (Marcgravia evenia) 通过其专门的叶子利用回声声信号来吸引蝙蝠授粉者.
- 这代表了一种类似于白天花的视觉吸引力的策略.
- 叶子通过减少蝙蝠搜索时间,显著提高了授粉效率.
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