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相关概念视频

Transcription Initiation01:47

Transcription Initiation

Initiation is the first step of transcription in eukaryotes. Prokaryotic RNA Polymerase (RNAP) can bind to the template DNA and start transcribing. On the other hand, transcription in eukaryotes requires additional proteins, called transcription factors, to first bind to the promoter region in the DNA template. This binding helps recruit the specific RNAP that can assemble on the DNA and start transcription.
The promoters and enhancers and their accessory proteins allow tight regulation of...
Bacterial Transcription01:53

Bacterial Transcription

RNA polymerase (RNAP) carries out DNA-dependent RNA synthesis in both bacteria and eukaryotes. Bacteria do not have a membrane-bound nucleus. So, transcription and translation occur simultaneously, on the same DNA template.
Transcription can be divided into three main stages, each involving distinct DNA sequences to guide the polymerase. These are:
The Eukaryotic Promoter Region02:40

The Eukaryotic Promoter Region

The eukaryotic promoter region is a segment of DNA located upstream of a gene. It contains an RNA polymerase binding site, a transcription start site, and several cis-regulatory sequences.  The proximal promoter region is located in the vicinity of the gene and has cis-regulatory sequences and the core promoter. The core promoter is the binding site for RNA polymerase and is usually located between -35 and +35 nucleotides from the transcription start site. The distal promoter regions are...
The Eukaryotic Promoter Region02:40

The Eukaryotic Promoter Region

The eukaryotic promoter region is a segment of DNA located upstream of a gene. It contains an RNA polymerase binding site, a transcription start site, and several cis-regulatory sequences.  The proximal promoter region is located in the vicinity of the gene and has cis-regulatory sequences and the core promoter. The core promoter is the binding site for RNA polymerase and is usually located between -35 and +35 nucleotides from the transcription start site. The distal promoter regions are...
Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...

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相关实验视频

Updated: May 30, 2026

Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events
10:59

Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events

Published on: May 13, 2019

启动复杂结构和推动者校对阅读.

Xin Liu1, David A Bushnell, Daniel-Adriano Silva

  • 1Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 30, 2011
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

RNA聚合酶II转录在启动过程中涉及不同的结构状态. 这些转变调节了堕胎的启动和促进者逃逸,作为基因表达控制的关键检查点.

更多相关视频

High-throughput Purification of Affinity-tagged Recombinant Proteins
07:44

High-throughput Purification of Affinity-tagged Recombinant Proteins

Published on: August 26, 2012

Proofreading and DNA Repair Assay Using Single Nucleotide Extension and MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Analysis
11:08

Proofreading and DNA Repair Assay Using Single Nucleotide Extension and MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Published on: June 19, 2018

相关实验视频

Last Updated: May 30, 2026

Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events
10:59

Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events

Published on: May 13, 2019

High-throughput Purification of Affinity-tagged Recombinant Proteins
07:44

High-throughput Purification of Affinity-tagged Recombinant Proteins

Published on: August 26, 2012

Proofreading and DNA Repair Assay Using Single Nucleotide Extension and MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Analysis
11:08

Proofreading and DNA Repair Assay Using Single Nucleotide Extension and MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Published on: June 19, 2018

科学领域:

  • 分子生物学分子生物学
  • 生物化学 生物化学
  • 结构生物学 结构生物学

背景情况:

  • 通过RNA聚合酶II启动转录是一个复杂的,多步骤的过程.
  • 在早期转录期间了解RNA聚合酶II的结构动态对于破译基因调节至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 为了阐明RNA聚合酶II在转录启动过程中的结构转变.
  • 为了将这些结构状态与堕胎启动和促进器逃逸的频率相关联.

主要方法:

  • 使用X射线晶体学来确定具有短RNA (2-10核酸) 的转录复合物的结构.
  • 基于RNA长度和形状的三个不同的结构状态的分析.

主要成果:

  • 在短RNA合成过程中,确定了RNA聚合酶II的三个结构状态.
  • 状态之间的过渡与减少堕胎的启动和最终的促进者逃逸相关.
  • 聚合酶结构促进了堕胎的启动,作为一个促进校对机制.

结论:

  • 在转录启动过程中,结构过渡作为促进器控制的检查点.
  • 堕胎启动和结构变化有助于促进者的特异性和效率.