成年海马神经发生缓冲压力反应和抑郁行为
Jason S Snyder1, Amélie Soumier, Michelle Brewer
1National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Nature
|August 5, 2011
概括
河马中的成年神经发生对于调节压力反应和预防抑郁行为至关重要. 抑制新神经元生长会影响压力恢复,并增加类似焦虑的症状.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 内分泌学 在内分泌学.
- 行为科学 行为科学
背景情况:
- 在压力期间释放的葡萄糖皮质类药物对平衡至关重要,但它们的调节障碍与认知缺陷和抑郁症有关.
- 海马体富含压力激素受体,在压力下经历抑制成人神经发生.
- 减少成人神经发生被怀疑是焦虑和抑郁症,但直接证据有限.
研究的目的:
- 研究成人出生海马神经元在调节应激反应中的作用.
- 为了确定成人神经发生是否直接参与抑郁疾病的发病.
主要方法:
- 利用转基因和辐射技术,专门抑制小鼠的成年神经发生.
- 评估了下丘脑-垂体-上腺 (HPA) 轴的活动,包括压力后的葡萄糖皮质类药物恢复和甲抑制.
- 评估了神经发生缺陷小鼠的行为反应,包括避免食物,强迫游泳测试和糖糖偏好.
主要成果:
- 患有成人神经发生抑制的小鼠表现出延迟的血糖皮质激素后应激恢复和减少德克萨米他的抑制.
- 神经生成缺陷的小鼠表现出增加的焦虑类行为,例如在急性压力后避免食用食物.
- 这些小鼠还表现出高度的行为绝望和无情感,强迫游泳测试中的不动性增加和糖糖偏好降低表明了这一点.
结论:
- 成人出生的海马神经元对于下丘脑-垂体-上腺 (HPA) 轴的正常功能至关重要.
- 这些神经元在压力反应的负反调节中发挥着至关重要的作用.
- 这些发现提供了直接的证据,支持成人神经发生在抑郁症发展中的作用.
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