区块共聚合物形态的机制性见解:虫如何形成囊泡?
Adam Blanazs1, Jeppe Madsen, Giuseppe Battaglia
1Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|August 18, 2011
概括
两性块共聚合物自组装成纳米结构,如水中的球体和囊泡. 这项研究展示了一种新的聚合法,用于高效的,集中合成这些结构,克服稀释溶液的局限性,用于诸如药物输送等应用.
科学领域:
- 聚合物化学 聚合物化学
- 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
- 纳米技术 纳米技术
背景情况:
- 两性双块共聚物模仿细胞膜,但通常只在稀释溶液 (<1%) 中自组.
- 这种稀释限制了它们在药物输送和涂料等领域的商业应用.
- 聚合诱导的自我组装为克服这些局限性提供了一个潜在的解决方案.
研究的目的:
- 开发一种"一子"的现场方法,用于在缩水溶液中合成和自组装形AB双块共聚物.
- 在高固体含量下实现可预测的各种纳米结构 (球体,虫,囊泡) 的形成.
- 研究聚合过程中纳米结构形成的机械路径.
主要方法:
- 通过水性分散聚合物合成两性AB双块共聚物的合成.
- 使用传输电子显微镜 (TEM) 在现场监测聚合和自我组装.
- 在高固体度下纳米结构形态的表征.
主要成果:
- 在2小时内可预测和高效地形成球状,状和囊泡,并>99%的单体转化.
- 观察新的中间结构 (例如,分支虫",章鱼"",水母") 提供机械洞察力.
- 在没有有毒溶剂的纯水溶液中,在高固体 (>1%) 的情况下成功实现了自我组装.
结论:
- 一种新的,对环境无害的,可扩展的单聚合法使块共聚合物的集中自组装成为定义的纳米结构.
- 该方法克服了传统自组装的稀释限制,为工业应用铺平了道路.
- 在现场的TEM观测提供了对共聚合物自我组装过程中的动态形态演变的关键理解.
更多相关视频
07:39Facile Synthesis of Worm-like Micelles by Visible Light Mediated Dispersion Polymerization Using Photoredox Catalyst
Published on: June 8, 2016
09:29Obtention of Giant Unilamellar Hybrid Vesicles by Electroformation and Measurement of their Mechanical Properties by Micropipette Aspiration
Published on: January 19, 2020
相关概念视频
Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles
Vesicle budding is orchestrated by distinct cytosolic proteins such as adaptor proteins, coat proteins, and GTPases. To initiate vesicle budding, membrane-bending proteins containing crescent-shaped BAR domains bind to the lipid heads in the bilayer and distort the membrane to form a protein-coated vesicle bud. Adaptors proteins such as AP2 for clathrin-coated vesicles can nucleate on the deformed membrane. Finally, coat proteins such as clathrin or COPI and COPII assemble into a coat forming...
COP Coated Vesicles
Membrane-enclosed structures called vesicles transport proteins and lipids across the cell. The vesicles derive their cargo from the plasma membrane, Golgi, ER, or endosome. Coated vesicles are spherical, protein-coated carriers with a 50–100 nm diameter that mediate bidirectional transport between the ER and the Golgi. The distribution of proteins between the ER and Golgi complex is dynamic and is maintained by different coated vesicles. Their formation is driven by the assembly of different...
Vesicular Tubular Clusters
After budding out from the ER membrane, some COPII vesicles lose their coat and fuse with one another to form larger vesicles and interconnected tubules called vesicular tubular clusters or VTCs. These clusters constitute a compartment at the ER-Golgi interface known as ERGIC (Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Intermediate Compartment). The ERGIC is a mobile membrane-bound cargo transport system that sorts proteins secreted from ER and delivers them to the Golgi.
With the help of motor proteins such...
With the help of motor proteins such...
Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers
Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
Clathrin Coated Vesicles
Clathrin-coated vesicles use endocytosis to transport receptors and lysosomal hydrolases from the Golgi to the lysosome in the late secretory pathway. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis was the first described endocytic process, and Clathrin-coated vesicles remain one of the most well-studied transport vesicles. The molecular machinery that generates clathrin-coated vesicles comprises over 50 proteins that precisely coordinate vesicle formation. Cell surface receptors concentrated in indented sites...
Mechanism of Lamellipodia Formation
Cells migrating in response to external stimuli form lamellipodia, which are thin membrane protrusions supported by a mesh of linked, branched, or unbranched actin filaments. These actin filaments interact with myosin motor proteins, creating the dynamic actomyosin complex within the cytoskeleton. Contractility, or the ability to generate contractile stress, is inherent to the actomyosin complex. It helps cells detect the stiffness of the surrounding ECM and exert contractile force for...
