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来自中国的化石无鱼预示着早期的脊椎动物解剖学
Zhikun Gai1, Philip C J Donoghue, Min Zhu
1School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK.
Nature
|August 19, 2011
概括
化石虫发现,关键的头骨特征是在大之前演变的. 这种脊椎动物头骨的逐步重组,而不是的进化本身,为脊椎动物的发育铺平了道路.
科学领域:
- 古生物学的古生物学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 比较解剖学的比较.
背景情况:
- 脊椎动物 (gnathostomes) 主导着现代生态系统,但它们的进化起源,特别是骨重组,仍然不清楚.
- 现存的无脊椎动物 (循环体) 对早期脊椎动物头骨进化提供了有限的见解.
- 已灭绝的"皮动物"对于理解向脊椎动物的转变至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究galeaspids的头骨解剖学,一个古老的骨无脊椎动物群.
- 了解脊椎动物头骨重组的进化步骤,先于下巴的起源.
- 测试关于大发育先决条件的发育模型.
主要方法:
- 协同射X射线断层扫描被用来分析状的头骨解剖学.
- 进行了鼻囊和海马体管道定位的比较分析.
- 这些发现与现存的旋转骨架和骨架骨架,以及骨架相比较.
主要成果:
- 类动物拥有位于前侧的配对鼻袋和前部开放的海马体管道.
- 这些 galeaspids 的结构是独立的,类似于 gnathostomes,但不同于 cyclostomes 和 osteostracans.
- 根据当前的模型,这种独立状态是大发育的先决条件.
结论:
- 脊椎动物的头骨重组是逐步发生的,不仅仅是由于下巴进化的驱动.
- 观测到的骨解剖学在虫中表明了一种渐进的进化过程.
- 这种逐步的重组促进了后续的gnathostome头部结构的发展.
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