在1.977万年前的Australopithecus sediba以及对Homo属起源的含义
Robyn Pickering1, Paul H G M Dirks, Zubair Jinnah
1School of Earth Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia. r.pickering@unimelb.edu.au
概括
马拉帕洞穴沉积物的新约定揭示了澳大利亚白座 (Australopithecus sediba) 化石的年龄为1.977亿年. 这一发现早于非洲最早的Homo证据,影响了人类进化时间表.
科学领域:
- 古人类学古人类学.
- 地质时间学 (Geochronology)
- 在平流体学上,平流体学是平流体学.
背景情况:
- 马拉帕遗址在洞穴沉积物中含有澳大利亚白座 (Australopithecus sediba) 的化石.
- 一层流石覆盖着含有化石的沉积物单位.
研究的目的:
- 为了准确地测定澳大利亚白座 (Australopithecus sediba) 化石的日期,使用上面的流石.
- 为了建立澳大利亚白座 (Australopithecus sediba) 和非洲早期人种之间的时间关系.
主要方法:
- 流石层的-测年.
- 对流石和沉积物的古磁分析.
- 马拉帕遗址的平流图分析.
主要成果:
- 为流石获得了1.977 ± 0.002万年前的高度精确的日期.
- 这一日期限制了澳大利亚白座 (Australopithecus sediba) 化石的年龄.
- 精细的约会将奥斯特拉洛皮塞克斯·塞迪巴 (Australopithecus sediba) 置于与人类进化相对较早的时间.
结论:
- 来自马拉帕的澳大利亚白座 (Australopithecus sediba) 化石可以追溯到1977万年前.
- 这种年龄表明,澳大利亚白座 (Australopithecus sediba) 存在于非洲最早被公认的Homo化石之前.
- 这些发现对了解早期人类进化和分散有重大意义.
相关概念视频
Synteny and Evolution
John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral chromosome underwent...
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral chromosome underwent...
The Fossil Record
The fossil record documents only a small fraction of all organisms that have ever inhabited Earth. Fossilization is a rare process, and most organisms never become fossils. Moreover, the fossil record only exhibits fossils that have been discovered. Nevertheless, sedimentary rock fossils of long-lived, abundant, hard-bodied organisms dominate the fossil record. These fossils offer valuable information, such as an organism's physical form, behavior, and age. Studying the fossil record helps...
What is Evolutionary History?
Scientists record evolutionary history by analyzing fossil, morphological, and genetic data. The fossil record documents the history of life on Earth and provides evidence for evolution. However, both fossil and living organisms offer evidence that outlines Earth’s evolutionary history.
Phylogeny
Phylogeny is concerned with the evolutionary diversification of organisms or groups of organisms. A group of organisms with a name is called a taxon (singular). Taxa (plural) can span different levels of the evolutionary hierarchy. For instance, the group containing all birds is a taxon (comprising the class Aves), and the group of all species of daisies (the genus Bellis) is a taxon. Phylogenies can likewise include just one genus (i.e., depict species relationships) or span an entire kingdom.
Speciation Rates
Overview
Hybrid Zones
Hybrid zones are narrow regions where two closely related species interact, mate, and produce hybrids. Relative to either parent species, hybrids may possess distinct phenotypic or genetic differences that impact their survival and reproductive success. The genetic variances introduced by hybridization influence species diversity and speciation processes within the hybrid zone.


