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卡斯帕斯-8调节TNF-α诱导的上皮细胞亡和终端炎
Claudia Günther1, Eva Martini, Nadine Wittkopf
1Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany.
Nature
|September 17, 2011
概括
肠上皮细胞 (IEC) 中的卡斯帕-8 缺乏会引发亡,从而导致小鼠的帕内斯细胞损失和终端炎. 这表明由RIP3驱动的亡可能在克罗恩氏病中发挥作用.
科学领域:
- 胃肠道学和免疫学
- 细胞生物学和病理学
背景情况:
- 克罗恩氏病涉及慢性粘膜炎症,由肠上皮功能障碍引起的细菌转位驱动.
- 皮质细胞死亡是肠道炎症的关键特征,但其调节和在恒常状态中的作用尚不清楚.
- 卡斯巴酶-8是细胞死亡途径的关键调节者,包括亡.
研究的目的:
- 调查卡斯帕-8在调节肠上皮细胞死亡和恒温的作用.
- 确定卡斯帕-8在亡中的参与及其对终端炎的贡献.
主要方法:
- 在肠道上皮细胞中条件删除caspase-8的生成小鼠 (Casp8(ΔIEC)).
- 分析了Casp8(ΔIEC) 小鼠的肠道组织学,细胞死亡标志物和免疫细胞种群.
- 研究了TNF-α和RIP3在上皮细胞死亡和亡中的作用.
- 在人类克罗恩病组织中检查了RIP3表达和亡.
主要成果:
- Casp8 ((ΔIEC) 的小鼠自发发育了末端结肠炎和结肠炎,其特征是帕内斯细胞损失和杯状细胞减少.
- 在Casp8(ΔIEC) 小鼠的末端结核中观察到上皮细胞死亡的增加,特别是亡,由TNF-α诱导,并由RIP3.3介导.
- 在人类克罗恩病患者的末端结核中发现了高RIP3水平和增加的亡.
结论:
- 卡斯巴-8对于维持肠道平衡是必不可少的,因为它可以防止TNF-α诱导的肠道上皮细胞的亡.
- 卡斯巴-8的失调和随后的亡有助于帕内斯细胞功能障碍和终端炎.
- 向亡途径,特别是RIP3,可能为克罗恩病提供治疗策略.
相关概念视频
Caspases
Caspase, a family of cysteine proteases, serve as effectors in apoptosis. The ced3 gene in C.elegans was first identified to be involved in apoptosis. This gene encodes the ced-3 caspase that is similar to the interleukin-1-beta converting enzyme or ICE in mammals. In addition to apoptosis, caspases also function in the inflammatory response. Inflammatory caspases are essential in activating pro-inflammatory cytokines that recruit immune cells and block the replication of pathogens inside cells.
The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway
The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway
Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway
The transcription factor NF-κB was discovered in 1986 in the lab of Nobel laureate Professor David Baltimore, for its interaction with the immunoglobulin light chain enhancer in B-cells. After more than three decades of study, it is now evident that NF-κB regulates the expression of over 100 genes. Most of these genes play an essential role in the innate and adaptive immune responses as well as the inflammatory responses of animals.
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Mechanism
The heterodimer of NF-κB...
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Mechanism
The heterodimer of NF-κB...
Necrosis
Necrosis is considered as an “accidental” or unexpected form of cell death that ends in cell lysis. The first noticeable mention of “necrosis” was in 1859 when Rudolf Virchow used this term to describe advanced tissue breakdown in his compilation titled “Cell Pathology”.
Morphological Manifestations of Necrosis
Necrotic cells show different types of morphological appearance depending on the type of tissue and infection. In coagulative necrosis, cells become anucleated and die, but their...
Morphological Manifestations of Necrosis
Necrotic cells show different types of morphological appearance depending on the type of tissue and infection. In coagulative necrosis, cells become anucleated and die, but their...
Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy
Cells respond to damage and stress through highly coordinated processes that decide whether they survive or undergo controlled self-destruction. Two major pathways involved in this regulation are apoptosis, a type of programmed cell death, and autophagy, a survival mechanism that helps cells adapt to adverse conditions.ApoptosisApoptosis removes aged or injured cells to maintain tissue balance. During this process, the cell shrinks, chromatin condenses and fragments, and membrane-bound...
