开发了一种不对称的三甲基循环添加反应:在高度替代的碳循环的对抗选择性合成中应用
Barry M Trost1, Steven M Silverman, James P Stambuli
1Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080, USA. bmtrost@stanford.edu
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|September 23, 2011
概括
一种新方法使得使用三甲基甲 (TMM) 和缺乏电子的烯酸能够进行对抗选择性 [3+2] 循环添加反应. 新型胺酸联体在形成甲基烯cyclopentanes和复杂的环环中促进了高的enantioselectivity.
科学领域:
- 有机化学 有机化学
- 不对称的催化剂.
背景情况:
- 新型配体的开发对于推进非对称催化剂至关重要.
- 胺酸联体提供可调节的固体和电子特性,用于控制反应性和选择性.
研究的目的:
- 开发一种使用三甲基甲 (TMM) 和缺乏电子的烯酸的对抗选择性 [3+2] 循环添加协议.
- 为了合成和评估用于不对称TMM反应的新胺联体.
主要方法:
- 新型非循环和循环胺联体的合成和表征.
- 对不对称的TMM循环加法反应条件的优化.
- 对烯受体和TMM捐赠体的基质范围的探索.
主要成果:
- 为TMM与各种电子缺陷烯酸的 [3+2] 循环添加建立了一个高度对选择性的协议.
- 合成了新的循环胺酸联体,包括pyrrolidine和azetidine结构,并证明了其高疗效.
- 反应成功地产生了具有高反选择性的甲基烯cyclopentanes,并在受体上耐受了一系列的功能组.
- 替代的TMM供体,包括含有亚基的供体,与不和的烯酸反应,产生具有3个立体中心的高反选择性和完全反选择性的环环.
结论:
- 开发的协议代表了不对称TMM循环添加化学的重大进步.
- 在这些转换过程中,新型的胺酸联体是实现高反选择性和多选择性的关键.
- 这种方法可以访问具有多个立体中心的复杂环坦结构,这在合成化学中很有价值.
相关概念视频
Cycloaddition Reactions: Overview
Cycloadditions are one of the most valuable and effective synthesis routes to form cyclic compounds. These are concerted pericyclic reactions between two unsaturated compounds resulting in a cyclic product with two new σ bonds formed at the expense of π bonds. The [4 + 2] cycloaddition, known as the Diels–Alder reaction, is the most common. The other example is a [2 + 2] cycloaddition.
Cyclohexenones via Michael Addition and Aldol Condensation: The Robinson Annulation
Robinson annulation is a base-catalyzed reaction for the synthesis of 2-cyclohexenone derivatives from 1,3-dicarbonyl donors (such as cyclic diketones, β-ketoesters, or β-diketones) and α,β-unsaturated carbonyl acceptors. Named after Sir Robert Robinson, who discovered it, this reaction yields a six-membered ring with three new C–C bonds (two σ bonds and one π bond).
Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Thermal Activation
Thermal cycloadditions are reactions where the source of activation energy needed to initiate the reaction is provided in the form of heat. A typical example of a thermally-allowed cycloaddition is the Diels–Alder reaction, which is a [4 + 2] cycloaddition. In contrast, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition is thermally forbidden.
Formation of Halohydrin from Alkenes
An alkene, such as propene, reacts with bromine in the presence of water to yield a halohydrin. Halohydrins contain a halogen and a hydroxyl group attached to adjacent carbons. When the halogen is bromine, it is called a bromohydrin, while a chlorohydrin has chlorine as the halogen.
Diels–Alder Reaction Forming Cyclic Products: Stereochemistry
The Diels–Alder reaction is one of the robust methods for synthesizing unsaturated six-membered rings. The reaction involves a concerted cyclic movement of six π electrons: four π electrons from the diene and two π electrons from the dienophile.
Synthesis of α-Substituted Carbonyl Compounds: The Stork Enamine Reaction
α-Substituted ketones or aldehydes can be synthesized from enamines by the Stork enamine reaction, named after its pioneer Gilbert Stork. Enamines are useful synthetic intermediates where the lone pair on nitrogen is in conjugation with the C=C bond. They resemble enolate ions, as the resonance forms of both species have a nucleophilic α carbon.

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