免疫系统的外周教育由结肠开始性微生物群
Stephanie K Lathrop1, Seth M Bloom, Sindhuja M Rao
1Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
Nature
|September 23, 2011
概括
免疫系统通过外围T调节细胞学习对肠道细菌的耐受性,防止炎症性肠道疾病. 这一过程涉及特定的T细胞抗原受体,由微生物群塑造,对免疫恒温至关重要.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 微生物学 微生物学
- 胃肠病学 胃肠病学
背景情况:
- 自我耐受性是通过T细胞培养诱导的,消除自我反应细胞或创建调节性T (Treg) 细胞.
- 目前尚不清楚T细胞是否被培养对外来抗原的耐受性,比如开始性细菌,以预防炎症性肠病等疾病.
研究的目的:
- 研究共生微生物群在T调控细胞的外围生成中的作用.
- 为了确定T细胞是否受过教育,能够容忍来自肠道微生物群的外来抗原.
主要方法:
- 对结肠T调节细胞上的T细胞抗原受体 (TCR) 的分析.
- 在体外检测TCRs对细菌抗原的反应性.
- 创建逆转录病毒骨髓仿真体和TCR转基因小鼠线.
- 收养转移研究以评估结肠炎诱导.
主要成果:
- 与共生微生物群的接触促进了外围T调节细胞的产生,而不是致病因子.
- 结肠T调节细胞利用独特的TCR,与其他位置的TCR不同,表明局部抗原的影响.
- 许多结肠T调节细胞在外围发育,由微生物群衍生的抗原驱动,而不是在胸腺.
- 微生物群对于从天真T细胞生成结肠T调节细胞至关重要,它们的缺失或功能障碍可能导致结肠炎.
结论:
- 作为对微生物群的反应,对抗原特异性T调节细胞的外周生成是一个关键的后形免疫教育机制.
- 这一过程建立了对共生微生物群的耐受性,防止了诸如炎症性肠病之类的免疫病理.
- 这种途径的调节失调可能会使个人易患影响肠道的自身免疫性疾病.
相关概念视频
Defense Mechanism Against Infection
9.9K
Natural flora, body system defenses, and inflammation are natural barriers of the body against infectious agents regardless of previous exposure. Normal floras of the human body refer to the microbial population that colonizes the skin and mucous membranes.
In addition, many body organ systems have unique defenses against infection. The skin is an intact, multilayered surface preventing invasion by microorganisms unless impaired. Mucous membranes lining the mouth, nose, and eyelids are barriers...
In addition, many body organ systems have unique defenses against infection. The skin is an intact, multilayered surface preventing invasion by microorganisms unless impaired. Mucous membranes lining the mouth, nose, and eyelids are barriers...
9.9K
Physiology of Enteric Nervous System and Gut Health
1.0K
The gastrointestinal tract, responsible for the digestion and absorption of nutrients, is safeguarded by the intestinal barrier, which consists of secretory, physical, and immune components. At the forefront is the secretory barrier, composed of essential elements such as mucus, gut microbiota, and defense proteins. They collaborate to break down food particles, facilitate nutrient absorption, and maintain optimal gut health. These secretory components ensure the smooth functioning of the...
1.0K
Bacterial Flora of the Large Intestine
1.8K
The gut microbiome is formed by a vast and diverse community of bacteria that colonizes our large intestine. These bacteria start residing in the gut from birth and continue diversifying throughout life, influenced by factors such as diet, lifestyle, and stress. The gut bacterial community also includes bacteria from food and those that enter the colon through the anus.
The normal gut flora of the colon plays a critical role in generating essential vitamins such as vitamins K, B5, and B7.
The normal gut flora of the colon plays a critical role in generating essential vitamins such as vitamins K, B5, and B7.
1.8K
Development of Immunocompetence
1.0K
The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
1.0K
Secondary Lymphoid Organs
9.7K
Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
The spleen is a vital organ in the lymphatic system, nestled in the upper left side of the abdomen. It is composed of two primary regions: the red pulp and the white pulp, each having distinct functions. The red pulp performs a significant role in blood filtration. It efficiently purges the blood of old or damaged red blood cells and...
The spleen is a vital organ in the lymphatic system, nestled in the upper left side of the abdomen. It is composed of two primary regions: the red pulp and the white pulp, each having distinct functions. The red pulp performs a significant role in blood filtration. It efficiently purges the blood of old or damaged red blood cells and...
9.7K
Functions of the Lymphatic and Immune System
7.3K
The lymphatic system plays a crucial role in bolstering our immune system. It consists of a network of lymphoid organs, lymph, and lymphatic vessels that provide structural and functional support in safeguarding the body against pathogens such as viruses and bacteria.
The primary lymphoid organs, including the bone marrow and the thymus, serve as the maturation sites for lymphocytes. Secondary lymphoid organs, like the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, activate these lymphocytes and serve as...
The primary lymphoid organs, including the bone marrow and the thymus, serve as the maturation sites for lymphocytes. Secondary lymphoid organs, like the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, activate these lymphocytes and serve as...
7.3K


