一种自然的多态化改变了昆虫嗅觉受体的气味和DEET敏感性
Maurizio Pellegrino1, Nicole Steinbach, Marcus C Stensmyr
1Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Behaviour, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, Box 63, New York, New York 10065, USA.
Nature
|September 23, 2011
概括
DEET (N,N-甲胺) 通过调节气味受体来编码昆虫的气味代码,这解释了它对咬昆虫的广泛有效性. 这种分子混乱破坏了寻找宿主的行为,为昆虫驱逐提供了一个新的机制.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 昆虫学 昆虫学是一门学科.
- 化学生态化学生态学
背景情况:
- 像蚊子这样的吸血昆虫传播疾病,并被宿主线索所吸引.
- 迪特 (N,N-甲胺) 是一种高效的驱虫剂,但其确切的作用机制仍在争论中.
- 建议的机制包括干扰嗅觉识别或直接激活回避神经元.
研究的目的:
- 阐明DEET驱逐昆虫的分子机制.
- 研究DEET与昆虫嗅觉受体的相互作用.
- 了解DEET的作用如何有助于其广泛的疗效.
主要方法:
- 研究了DEET对昆虫气味受体综合体的影响,特别是气味导离子通道.
- 研究了DEET对与特定气味受体和连接体相关的气味唤起活性的调制.
- 利用Drosophila melanogaster菌株在OR59B受体中具有特定的多态性来评估DEET不敏感性.
主要成果:
- DEET调节昆虫气味受体复合物的活性,增强或抑制气味引起的反应.
- 这种调制取决于特定的气味受体,DEET度和气味连接体的身份.
- 在OR59B受体中发生的单个氨基酸变化使得对DEET调制产生不敏感,这表明自然变异会影响敏感性.
结论:
- DEET充当分子混剂,通过改变气味受体的功能来混昆虫的气味代码.
- 这种对嗅觉信号的干扰为DEET对各种昆虫物种的广泛排斥能力提供了令人信服的解释.
- 昆虫嗅觉受体的自然变异可以影响对DEET的敏感性,突出显示进化适应.
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