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相关概念视频

Conservation of Protein Domains Over Different Proteins02:26

Conservation of Protein Domains Over Different Proteins

Protein domains are small structurally independent units that are part of a single amino acid chain.  Although these domains are often structurally independent, they may rely on synergistic effects to perform their functions as part of a larger protein. Protein domains may be conserved within the same organism, as well as across different organisms.
A limited set of protein domains often duplicate and recombine during evolution. These domains can be organized in different combinations to form...
Proteomics01:33

Proteomics

A proteome is the entire set of proteins that a cell type produces. We can study proteomes using the knowledge of genomes because genes code for mRNAs, and the mRNAs encode proteins. Although mRNA analysis is a step in the right direction, not all mRNAs are translated into proteins.
Proteomics is the study of proteomes' function. It involves the large-scale systematic study of the proteome to denote the protein complement expressed by a genome. Scientist Mark Wilkins coined the term proteomics...

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Microfabricated Post-Array-Detectors mPADs: an Approach to Isolate Mechanical Forces
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在发现模式下使用自上而下的蛋白质组学绘制完整的蛋白质异型.

John C Tran1, Leonid Zamdborg, Dorothy R Ahlf

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.

Nature
|November 1, 2011
PubMed
概括

研究人员开发了一种新的4D分离系统来分析完整的人类蛋白质,识别了3000多种蛋白质,并将蛋白质覆盖率提高了20倍,以便更好地研究疾病.

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科学领域:

  • 蛋白质组学是指蛋白质组学.
  • 分子生物学分子生物学
  • 生物化学 生物化学

背景情况:

  • 全面的人类蛋白质组分析受到各种蛋白质形式检测的挑战的阻碍.
  • 目前的"自下而上"质谱法方法与复杂的蛋白质修饰和异型相斗争.
  • 现有的"自上而下的"方法缺乏可扩展的分化,以进行全蛋白质组分析.

研究的目的:

  • 开发和验证一种新的4D分离系统,用于大规模的"自上而下的"蛋白质组分析.
  • 增强完整蛋白质物种的特征,包括翻译后修改 (PTM) 和替代拼接.
  • 改进人类蛋白质异型及其生物相关性的识别和绘制.

主要方法:

  • 开发一种新的四维 (4D) 分离系统.
  • 整合4D分离与双重质谱学,用于完整的蛋白质分析.
  • 该系统应用于人类细胞,包括经历加速细胞衰老的细胞.

主要成果:

  • 鉴定了1043个基因产物,产生了3000多种不同的蛋白质物种.
  • 实现了>20倍的分离功率和蛋白质组覆盖率的增加.
  • 能够检测大型蛋白质 (高达105kDa) 和膜蛋白质 (高达11个跨膜螺旋体).
  • 绘制了以前未被检测到的蛋白质异型及其对细胞衰老的反应的修改.
  • 使用瑞士-Prot数据库证明了精确的基因相关性.

结论:

  • 新的4D分离系统可以进行可扩展的"自上而下的"蛋白质组分析,克服了以前方法的局限性.
  • 这项技术显著提高了检测和表征复杂的人类蛋白质异型和修饰的能力.
  • 这些发现为大规模调查整个蛋白质分子提供了概念验证,有望在生物和疾病研究中改善蛋白质组学和复杂的表型之间的联系.