现代人类在欧洲的早期分散以及对尼安德特人行为的影响
Stefano Benazzi1, Katerina Douka, Cinzia Fornai
1Department of Anthropology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria. stefano.benazzi@univie.ac.at
Nature
|November 4, 2011
概括
最古老的欧洲解剖学上现代人类 (智人) 在意大利被发现,可以追溯到45,000年前. 这一发现表明,现代人类比以前认为的更早地抵达欧洲,比尼安德特人的灭绝还早.
科学领域:
- 古人类学古人类学.
- 欧洲史前史 欧洲史前史
- 考古学的考古学
背景情况:
- 欧洲从中古到高古石器时期的过渡是有争议的,特别是关于尼安德特人和解剖学上现代人类的角色.
- 乌鲁兹和查特尔佩罗尼的技术复合体是理解尼安德特人-现代人类互动和尼安德特人的认知能力的关键.
- 这些过渡时期的化石证据很少,最近的研究质疑尼安德特人的归因于Châtelperronian,这是由于分音混杂.
研究的目的:
- 重新检查来自意大利南部卡瓦洛洞穴的落叶牙,这些牙以前被认为是尼安德特人,并与乌鲁兹技术综合体有关.
- 为了确定卡瓦洛人类遗骸的物种归属,并确定它们的时间背景.
- 重新评估尼安德特人,解剖学上现代人类和欧洲史前早期的乌鲁兹技术复合体之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 使用基于微观图形数据的两种独立的形态测量方法对叶片的分析.
- 来自乌鲁兹岩层的相关贝珠的放射性碳测年.
- 开发贝叶斯年龄模型,以确定人类遗骸的精确时间表.
主要成果:
- 微断层分析将卡瓦洛山洞的叶落关节归因于解剖学上现代人类,而不是尼安德特人.
- 新的计时数据显示,这些牙的年代大约在现在之前的45,000-43,000个日历年.
- 这些发现确定卡瓦洛遗骸是欧洲已知的最古老的解剖学上现代人类.
结论:
- 乌鲁兹技术综合体的制造者是解剖学上现代人类,而不是尼安德特人.
- 解剖学上现代人类在奥里尼西亚时期之前迅速在欧洲分散.
- 这项研究提供了重要的证据,证明现代人类早些时候抵达欧洲,在尼安德特人灭绝之前.
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