在本地伴侣竞争下,减少性别比例调整的实验演变
Emilie Macke1, Sara Magalhães, Fabien Bach
1Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, UMR 5554, Université Montpellier 2, Place Eugène Bataillon, Montpellier cedex 05, France. emilie.macke@univ-montp2.fr
概括
当地伴侣竞争 (LMC) 有利于女性偏向的性别比率,如蜘蛛所示. 在强烈的LMC下,进化减少了后代的性别比率调整,表明塑性丧失.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
- 行为生态学 行为生态学
- 性别分配理论性别分配理论
背景情况:
- 理论上,本地伴侣竞争 (LMC) 有利于偏向女性的性别比率.
- 对LMC对性别比例的影响的经验证据主要是间接的.
- 之前的研究表明,在LMC的反应中,性别比率的调整有一定的能力.
研究的目的:
- 为 LMC 对性别分配策略的进化影响提供直接的实验证据.
- 调查LMC的不同强度如何影响性别比率调整的演变.
- 为了确定长时间暴露于严格的LMC是否会导致表型可塑性丧失.
主要方法:
- 蜘蛛 (Tetranychus urticae) 种群在54个世代中遭受了三种不同的LMC强度.
- 在受控的LMC条件下保持了选线.
- 后代的性别比率和调整性别比率的能力在选择方案中进行了测量.
主要成果:
- 在蜘蛛菌系中演变的性别比率始终与每个LMC强度的理论预测相匹配.
- 在严格的LMC下进化的雌性表现出调整后代性别比率的能力减弱.
- 在放松的LMC条件下进化的雌性保持了对性别比率调整的能力.
结论:
- 直接的实验证据支持这一理论,即LMC驱动着女性偏向性比的演变.
- 在恒定的,严格的LMC下,进化可以导致性别分配中的表型可塑性丧失.
- 这项研究阐明了LMC塑造性别分配策略的进化机制.
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