在Arabidopsis thaliana甲基组中发生的自发表观遗传变异
Claude Becker1, Jörg Hagmann, Jonas Müller
1Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
Nature
|November 8, 2011
概括
在Arabidopsis thaliana的表观遗传变化,或表样样,显示出频繁的个体突变,但稳定的更大区域. 这些发现影响了我们对植物进化中的类的作用的理解.
科学领域:
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 植物科学 植物科学
背景情况:
- 可遗传的表观遗传多态性,如差异性细胞因子甲基化,有助于表型变异.
- 阿拉比多普西斯塔利亚纳的野生菌株表现出许多影响基因表达的表样.
- 了解类基的出现率和稳定性对于它们的进化作用至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究10个Arabidopsis thaliana系的全基因组DNA甲基化模式.
- 为了确定不依赖于结构变异的epialleles的出现率和稳定性.
- 探索表皮,可转移元素和短干扰RNA之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 在10个Arabidopsis thaliana系中对全基因组DNA甲基化进行比较分析.
- 鉴定和量化差异甲基化细胞因子和较大的甲基化区域.
- 评估表化频率和模式,包括逆转事件.
- 不同甲基化部位和可转移元素/短干扰RNA表达之间的相关性分析.
主要成果:
- 每个菌株近3万个细胞因子显示差异甲基化,表明频繁的个体表皮.
- 较大的连续甲基化区域高度稳定,突变频率与DNA突变相当.
- 独立的线条在同一区域经常表现出差异甲基化,这表明反复发生的突变周期.
- 不同甲基化位点位于距离可转移元素更远的地方,并且与短干扰RNA表达不太相关.
结论:
- 在Arabidopsis thaliana中,Epialleles表现出频繁的个体变化和稳定的区域模式的复杂动态.
- 观察到的突变和逆转模式对顺序独立的类基因对植物进化的贡献有重大影响.
- 表观遗传变异,特别是细胞因子甲基化,在塑造植物表型和进化轨迹方面发挥着动态作用.
相关概念视频
Dihybrid Crosses
61.3K
Overview
61.3K
Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift
53.1K
In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).
53.1K
Genetic Drift
35.4K
Natural selection—probably the most well-known evolutionary mechanism—increases the prevalence of traits that enhance survival and reproduction. However, evolution does not merely propagate favorable traits, nor does it always benefit populations.
35.4K
Overview of Transposition and Recombination
16.3K
Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
16.3K
Transgenic Plants
7.0K
Recombinant DNA technology called transgenesis is often used to add a foreign gene or remove a detrimental gene from an organism. Such genetically modified organisms are called transgenic organisms.
The first-ever transgenic plant was a tobacco plant developed in 1983 that showed resistance against the tobacco mosaic virus. Since then, many transgenic plants have been developed and commercialized for improving the agricultural, ornamental, and horticultural value of a crop plant. Transgenic...
The first-ever transgenic plant was a tobacco plant developed in 1983 that showed resistance against the tobacco mosaic virus. Since then, many transgenic plants have been developed and commercialized for improving the agricultural, ornamental, and horticultural value of a crop plant. Transgenic...
7.0K
Genetic Variation
1.7K
Genetic variation is the diversity in DNA sequences found among individuals of the same species. This diversity is crucial for a species' survival because it helps organisms adapt to environmental changes. Genetic variation begins with fertilization, where an egg and sperm cell merge. Each of these cells carries 23 chromosomes, up to 46 in the fertilized egg. Chromosomes are long DNA strands that contain genes, the basic units of heredity.
Genes exist in different versions called alleles,...
Genes exist in different versions called alleles,...
1.7K


