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在巨大的圆星系的中心,有两颗100亿太阳质量的黑洞
Nicholas J McConnell1, Chung-Pei Ma, Karl Gebhardt
1Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
Nature
|December 14, 2011
概括
天文学家在NGC 3842和NGC 4889星系中发现了超大质量黑洞,超过90亿太阳质量. 这些发现挑战了当前银河系和黑洞进化模型的大型星系.
科学领域:
- 天体物理学 天体物理学
- 银河系的进化 银河系的进化
- 黑洞物理学 黑洞物理学
背景情况:
- 大质量星系普遍在其中心拥有超大质量黑洞 (SMBH).
- 以前的观测表明,早期宇宙的类星体由超过100亿太阳质量的SMBH提供动力,但它们的局部残留物尚未被发现.
- 迄今为止已知最大质量的黑洞之前在Messier 87 (6.3亿太阳质量) 中.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究附近星系团内最亮的星系中中央黑洞的质量.
- 将测量到的黑洞质量与从已确定的相关性 (例如,M-西格玛关系) 得到的预测进行比较.
- 了解最庞大的星系及其中心黑洞的进化路径.
主要方法:
- 利用先进的观测技术测量了NGC 3842.2 中心黑洞的质量.
- 采用类似的方法来估计NGC 4889.9中黑洞的质量.
- 将导出的黑洞质量与宿主星系的恒星速度分散和膨胀亮度进行比较.
主要成果:
- 在NGC 3842中发现了一个超大质量的黑洞,质量为97亿太阳质量.
- 在NGC 4889中发现了一个质量相当或更大的黑洞.
- 这些SMBH的质量明显大于通过推断常见的星系-黑洞缩放关系来预测的质量.
结论:
- 最大质量的星系是SMBH的宿主,这些SMBH从已建立的缩放关系中显著偏离.
- 目前的相关性对于较小质量的星系是可靠的,但可能不适用于最极端的情况.
- 不同的进化过程可能决定了最大星系及其中心黑洞的生长.
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