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在老鼠的同理心和亲社会行为
Inbal Ben-Ami Bartal1, Jean Decety, Peggy Mason
1Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|December 14, 2011
概括
老鼠通过故意释放被困的子伙伴来表现出亲社会行为. 这项研究为动物的同情激发的帮助行为提供了证据,这表明利他主义的进化根源深远.
科学领域:
- 伦理学 伦理学 伦理学
- 比較心理學 比較心理學
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
背景情况:
- 人类的亲社会性往往与同情的关注有关.
- 在非灵长类哺乳动物中存在类似的动机状态的存在在很大程度上仍未被探索.
研究的目的:
- 为了调查老鼠是否表现出同情激发的亲社会行为.
- 为了确定动物是否帮助陷入困境的同类动物.
主要方法:
- 一只自由的老鼠被放置在一个竞技场与一个被困的cagemate.
- 在多个会话中观察到自由老鼠对被困友的反应行为.
- 控制条件包括空和带有物体的.
主要成果:
- 自由的老鼠学会了故意快速地打开束器,以释放被困的同伴.
- 鼠并没有打开空的或含有物体的束器,这表明了特定的社会动机.
- 即使没有直接的社会接触,老鼠也会释放友,并在可用时共享奖励.
结论:
- 老鼠表现出亲社会行为,以应对同物种的痛苦.
- 这提供了强有力的证据,证明了哺乳动物同情激发的帮助行为的生物学根源.
- 研究结果表明,同情的帮助可能在灵长类动物血统出现之前就已经进化了.
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