虐待儿童:六个发达国家的趋势和政策差异
Ruth Gilbert1, John Fluke, Melissa O'Donnell
1MRC Centre of Epidemiology for Child Health, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK. r.gilbert@ich.ucl.ac.uk
Lancet (London, England)
|December 16, 2011
概括
虐待儿童指标显示,尽管有儿童保护政策,但并没有持续下降. 越来越多的机构接触,特别是婴儿,表明早期干预可能会增加报告,不一定会减少伤害.
科学领域:
- 儿童健康 儿童健康
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 社会政策 社会政策 社会政策
背景情况:
- 现代儿童保护系统出现在20世纪70年代.
- 一些政策倡议旨在减少虐待儿童.
- 儿童虐待指标的趋势是复杂的,并因国家而异.
研究的目的:
- 自20世纪70年代以来,研究六个发达国家的儿童虐待指标趋势.
- 评估儿童保护政策对虐待率的影响.
- 为了比较儿童虐待指标的国际变化.
主要方法:
- 对三种类型的虐待儿童指标趋势的分析.
- 包括11岁以下的儿童.
- 从20世纪70年代起,从六个发达国家收集的数据.
主要成果:
- 在所有虐待儿童指标中没有观察到一致的下降.
- 在一些群体中,暴力儿童死亡率有所下降,但在瑞典和曼尼托巴,虐待相关伤害的住院病例仅下降.
- 在六个国家中,儿童保护机构的指标在五个国家增加,特别是在婴儿方面,这可能是由于早期干预政策.
- 与暴力死亡或虐待相关的伤害 (不到两倍的变化) 相比,机构指标率 (五倍至十倍的差异) 在国际上有显著的差异.
- 美国的暴力儿童死亡率很高.
结论:
- 目前的儿童保护政策并没有导致所有形式的虐待儿童的持续减少.
- 儿童保护机构接触率和户外照顾率的上升可能反映了报告或早期干预的增加,而不是虐待的减少.
- 需要进一步的研究来确定当前儿童保护策略在减少虐待儿童方面的有效性.
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