诱导性堕胎:从1995年到2008年的全球发生率和趋势
Gilda Sedgh1, Susheela Singh, Iqbal H Shah
1Guttmacher Institute, New York, NY, USA. gsedgh@guttmacher.org
Lancet (London, England)
|January 24, 2012
概括
全球堕胎率在之前的下降后稳定下来,全球不安全堕胎的比例越来越高. 自由堕胎法律与较低的堕胎率相关,突出了对计划生育服务的需求.
科学领域:
- 全球健康 全球健康
- 生殖健康 生殖健康
- 人口统计学 人口统计学
背景情况:
- 对堕胎发生率和趋势的准确数据对于监测母亲健康和计划生育准入至关重要.
- 以前的安全和不安全堕胎的全球估计仅限于1995年和2003年.
研究的目的:
- 估计1995年至2008年的全球堕胎发生率和趋势.
- 评估全球安全与不安全堕胎的比例.
- 探索堕胎法律与堕胎率之间的关联.
主要方法:
- 使用世界卫生组织 (WHO) 对不安全堕胎的定义.
- 采用官方统计和国家调查来估计安全堕胎.
- 纳入已发表的研究,医院记录和妇女调查对不安全堕胎的估计.
- 应用系统方法用于数据校正和预测.
- 通过使用一致的方法来评估1995年,2003年和2008年的趋势.
- 采用线性回归来分析堕胎法自由化与堕胎率之间的关系.
主要成果:
- 全球堕胎率在2003年 (每1000名妇女中29名) 和2008年 (每1000名妇女中28名) 之间保持稳定,从1995年的每1000名妇女中35名下降.
- 不安全堕胎的比例从1995年的44%增加到2008年的49%.
- 2008年,大约五分之一的怀孕导致堕胎.
- 具有更自由的堕胎法律的子地区的堕胎率较低 (p<0.05).
结论:
- 堕胎率以前的下降已经停止,不安全堕胎的发生率已经上升.
- 限制性堕胎法律似乎没有降低整体堕胎率.
- 投资计划生育和安全堕胎护理对于减少意外怀孕和不安全堕胎至关重要,有助于实现千年发展目标.
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