母亲和父亲的基因组对早期植物胚胎的转录组有同等的贡献
Michael D Nodine1, David P Bartel
1Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.
Nature
|January 24, 2012
概括
早期的植物胚胎主要由它们自己的基因控制,而不是母亲的基因产物. 这项研究揭示了广泛的细胞转录,挑战了以前的植物胚胎生成模型.
科学领域:
- 植物发育生物学植物发育生物学
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 分子遗传学分子遗传学
背景情况:
- 母性基因产品在胚胎基因组激活之前调节早期动物胚胎发育.
- 植物胚胎发生被认为涉及长期的母体控制,但相互矛盾的基因表达和遗传数据表明早期的胚胎基因组激活.
研究的目的:
- 为了调查母亲,父亲和胚胎对Arabidopsis thaliana早期胚胎转录组的贡献.
- 为了澄清植物胚胎发生过程中囊胚基因组激活的时间和程度.
主要方法:
- 从杂交Arabidopsis thaliana胚胎的转录的测序,这些胚胎来自多态杂交系之间的交叉.
- 使用单核酸多态 (SNP) 来区分和量化父母对转录组的贡献.
- 采用记者基因实验和分析基因中未表达的基因的转录.
主要成果:
- 绝大多数胚胎转录源自母性和父性等位基因的数量几乎相等,甚至在早期阶段.
- 通过记者测定和对特定基因组的分析观察到早期和广泛的杂交转录的证据.
- 虽然发生了一些父母印记和等位基因特异性表达,但它并没有主导早期的转录组.
结论:
- 植物早期的胚胎发生主要在胚胎控制下,与动物观察到的初始母体控制形成鲜明对比.
- 在植物胚胎发生过程中,普遍存在的长期孕产妇控制模型需要修订.
- 广泛的细胞转录在植物发育的很早开始,建立了胚胎的遗传自主性.
相关概念视频
Monohybrid Crosses
215.1K
Overview
215.1K
Non-nuclear Inheritance
20.7K
Most DNA resides in the nucleus of a cell. However, some organelles in the cell cytoplasm—such as chloroplasts and mitochondria—also have their own DNA. These organelles replicate their DNA independently of the nuclear DNA of the cell in which they reside. Non-nuclear inheritance describes the inheritance of genes from structures other than the nucleus.
20.7K
Seed Structure and Early Development of the Sporophyte
27.7K
Seed structures are composed of a protective seed coat surrounding a plant embryo, and a food store for the developing embryo. The embryo contains the precursor tissues for leaves, stem, and roots. The endosperm and cotyledons—seed leaves—act as the food reserves for the growing embryo.
27.7K
Animal Mitochondrial Genetics
7.8K
Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
7.8K
Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance
30.2K
Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
30.2K
Trihybrid Crosses
24.6K
Trihybrid Crosses
Some of Mendel’s crosses examined three pairs of contrasting characteristics. Such a cross is called a trihybrid cross. A trihybrid cross is a combination of three individual monohybrid crosses. For example, plant height (tall vs. short), seed shape (round vs. wrinkled), and seed color (yellow vs. green).
The F1 generation plants of a trihybrid cross are heterozygous for all three traits and produce eight gametes. Upon self-fertilization, these gametes have an equal...
Some of Mendel’s crosses examined three pairs of contrasting characteristics. Such a cross is called a trihybrid cross. A trihybrid cross is a combination of three individual monohybrid crosses. For example, plant height (tall vs. short), seed shape (round vs. wrinkled), and seed color (yellow vs. green).
The F1 generation plants of a trihybrid cross are heterozygous for all three traits and produce eight gametes. Upon self-fertilization, these gametes have an equal...
24.6K


