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Cell Motility through Blebbing01:16

Cell Motility through Blebbing

Blebs are a type of membrane protrusion formed by the internal hydrostatic pressure of the cytoplasm. Blebs are observed in several cell types, including fibroblasts, immune cells, and single-celled organisms like the amoeba. The primary function of blebs is cell locomotion and apoptosis, but they are also found during necrosis and cell division. The life cycle of a bleb comprises an initiation phase followed by the expansion and retraction phases.
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Actin is a family of globular proteins that are highly abundant in eukaryotic cells. It makes up approximately 1-5% of total cell protein concentration. Actin monomers polymerize to form a complex network of polarized filaments, the actin cytoskeleton, that plays a crucial role in many cellular processes, including cell motility, division, endocytosis, and metastasis of cancer cells.
Actin cytoskeleton dynamics can produce pushing, pulling, and resistance forces that help the cell to migrate.
Role of Myosin in Cell Migration01:18

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触发细胞形状的变化通过利用先前存在的actomyosin收缩来触发细胞形状的变化

Minna Roh-Johnson1, Gidi Shemer, Christopher D Higgins

  • 1Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|February 11, 2012
PubMed
概括

对于发育至关重要的缩是通过将细胞接触到actomyosin皮层来触发的,而不是由皮层张力变化引起的. 这一发现澄清了在形态发生过程中细胞形状的变化.

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科学领域:

  • 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
  • 发育生物学是发展生物学.
  • 生物物理学的生物物理.

背景情况:

  • 尾收缩驱动关键的形态遗传事件,如胃化和神经管闭合.
  • 传统上,人们认为它是由actomyosin网络收缩引起的.
  • 了解尖峰收缩的确切触发因素对于发育生物学至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 为了调查缩的最初触发因素.
  • 区分皮层张力变化和细胞-细胞接触动态在启动顶尖收缩.
  • 为了阐明actomyosin活动和细胞形状变化之间的时空关系.

主要方法:

  • 在Caenorhabditis elegans和Drosophila的比较研究.
  • 观察阿克托米奥辛网络动态和皮质张力.
  • 对角细胞与细胞接触区行为的分析.
  • 实时成像和生物物理测量.

主要成果:

  • 在两个模型生物体中,角性actomyosin收缩先于可观察到的细胞形状变化.
  • 起初,actomyosin网络会动态收缩,产生皮质张力,而不会显著减少顶峰表面积.
  • 角细胞-细胞接触区和actomyosin随后一起移动,而不会改变actomyosin动态或皮质张力.

结论:

  • 顶峰收缩是由顶峰细胞与细胞接触的动态链接与已经收缩的actomyosin皮质开始的.
  • 触发因素不是皮质张力的变化,而是细胞接口的协调合.
  • 这种机制为胚胎发育过程中细胞形状的调节提供了新的见解.