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Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
Synteny and Evolution02:31

Synteny and Evolution

John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral chromosome underwent...
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High-throughput Physical Mapping of Chromosomes using Automated in situ Hybridization
08:48

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Published on: June 28, 2012

一个细度的黑猩猩遗传地图从人口测序.

Adam Auton1, Adi Fledel-Alon, Susanne Pfeifer

  • 1Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford , UK.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 17, 2012
PubMed
概括

黑猩猩和人类的重组率基本保持不变,但在微小尺度上有显著差异. 黑猩猩的重组热点不会与人类的热点重叠,从而影响基础组成.

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科学领域:

  • 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
  • 进化生物学 进化生物学
  • 基因组学就是基因组学.

背景情况:

  • 重组是进化的一个关键驱动力.
  • 了解重组率演变对于比较基因组学至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 开发一种方法来构建黑猩猩细度基因地图.
  • 为了比较西方黑猩猩 (Pan troglodytes verus) 和人类之间的重组率和热点位置.

主要方法:

  • 开发了用于精细基因地图构建的新方法.
  • 利用了来自10只西方黑猩猩的高通量序列数据.
  • 将遗传图与人类数据进行比较,重点关注染色体重组和基因特征.

主要成果:

  • 在黑猩猩和人类之间,大规模的重组率在很大程度上保持不变.
  • 观察到微型重组热点位置的显著差异.
  • 黑猩猩热点在CpG岛屿周围升高,在基因内减少,类似于人类.
  • 在西方黑猩猩中,PRDM9蛋白具有很高的变异性,在热点中没有明确的序列模式丰富.

结论:

  • 对比物种之间的热点位置,可以了解重组对基组成的影响.
  • 再组合模式是动态的和特定于物种的,尽管大规模的保护.