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发育性阅读障碍症是一种发展性阅读障碍
Robin L Peterson1, Bruce F Pennington
1Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA. robin.peterson@du.edu
Lancet (London, England)
|April 20, 2012
概括
阅读障碍,一种影响词识别的神经发育障碍,表现出一致的跨语言神经生物学相似性. 研究强调了语音处理,左半球网络功能障碍以及与环境相互作用的遗传因素.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
背景情况:
- 阅读障碍是一种常见的神经发育障碍,影响阅读准确性和流性.
- 它跨越多元文化呈现,表明普遍的潜在机制.
- 最近在理解其行为,神经心理和神经生物学的方面取得了进展.
研究的目的:
- 综合最近关于阅读障碍的神经生物学和神经认知基础的发现.
- 检查语音处理,认知风险因素和遗传影响的相互作用.
- 在神经差异中区分阅读障碍的因果因素与影响.
主要方法:
- 关于阅读障碍的行为,神经心理和神经生物学研究的审查.
- 对研究候选基因和基因与环境相互作用的研究进行分析.
- 检查与阅读体验有关的神经成像数据.
主要成果:
- 语音理论仍然是主要的解释,尽管其他认知因素也参与其中.
- 神经生物学证据表明左半球语言网络功能障碍和改变白质的发展.
- 许多观察到的神经差异是阅读障碍的后果,而不是原因,特别是当考虑阅读经验时.
- 已经确定了6个容易患有阅读障碍的候选基因,有基因与环境相互作用的证据.
结论:
- 阅读障碍有复杂的神经生物学基础,涉及声学处理和大脑网络功能.
- 遗传倾向与环境因素相互作用,包括阅读经验,影响阅读障碍的发展.
- 需要进一步的研究,以充分阐明阅读障碍的因果途径和治疗点.
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