需要用于异染色素凝聚和基因沉默的MORC家族ATPase
Guillaume Moissiard1, Shawn J Cokus, Joshua Cary
1Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Terasaki Life Sciences Building, 610 Charles Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095-723905, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|May 5, 2012
概括
阿拉比多普西斯MORC1和MORC6基因的突变破坏了可移植元素和DNA重复的表观遗传基因沉默. 这些Microrchidia (MORC) ATPases是真核生物基因沉默的保守调节者.
科学领域:
- 表观遗传学 在表观遗传学中,表观遗传学是指表观遗传学.
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
背景情况:
- DNA和基因组甲基化是表观遗传基因沉默的关键机制,特别是针对可转移元素 (TE) 和重复性DNA.
- 微基细胞 (MORC) 蛋白质是保存的腺三酸酶 (ATPase) 家族成员,涉及到染色体结构.
- 了解MORC蛋白在表观遗传调节中的作用对于破译基因沉默通路至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 研究阿拉比多普西斯MORC1和MORC6在表观遗传基因沉默中的功能.
- 确定MORC ATPase活性对DNA甲基化基因和TE的影响.
- 探索MORC ATPases在真核生物基因沉默中的保留作用.
主要方法:
- 隔离和表征阿拉比多普西斯的atmorc1和atmorc6突变基因.
- 在突变系中分析DNA甲基化状态和基因/TE表达的分析.
- 评估周边中心的异色素缩和基因组相互作用.
- 在Caenorhabditis elegans转基因沉默中对MORC同类的功能分析.
主要成果:
- 在AtMORC1和AtMORC6的突变导致DNA甲基化基因和TE的脱压,而不会改变全球DNA或基因组甲基化水平.
- 亚特莫克1和亚特莫克6突变呈现出 pericentromeric 异色素的脱凝和增加区域间基因组相互作用.
- 突变物中的转录缺陷主要局限于周心膜区域.
- 在C. elegans中对MORC同类的淘汰会损害转基因沉默,这表明一个保存的功能.
结论:
- 阿拉比多普西斯的MORC1和MORC6 ATPases是表观遗传基因沉默的重要调节者,特别是对于周围中心的异性染色素.
- MORC ATPases可能通过调节染色体超结构来维持基因沉默来起作用.
- MORC ATPases代表了在真核生物中保存的表观遗传调节者的家族.
相关概念视频
02:38Heterochromatin
The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at 9th...
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at 9th...
02:38Heterochromatin
The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at 9th...
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at 9th...
01:01Euchromatin
The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions take up more dye, appearing darker, while the less-compact areas take up less dye and appear lighter. Based on the compaction level, chromatins are classified into two primary forms – euchromatin and heterochromatin.
Euchromatin is the less dense region of the chromatin and stains lighter. Euchromatin contains histone H3 extensively...
Euchromatin is the less dense region of the chromatin and stains lighter. Euchromatin contains histone H3 extensively...
01:01Euchromatin
The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions take up more dye, appearing darker, while the less-compact areas take up less dye and appear lighter. Based on the compaction level, chromatins are classified into two primary forms – euchromatin and heterochromatin.
Euchromatin is the less dense region of the chromatin and stains lighter. Euchromatin contains histone H3 extensively...
Euchromatin is the less dense region of the chromatin and stains lighter. Euchromatin contains histone H3 extensively...
02:25Spreading of Chromatin Modifications
The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer is an enzyme that can...
Writers
The writer is an enzyme that can...
02:15Condensins
Condensins are large protein complexes that use ATP to fuel the assembly of chromosomes during mitosis. They transform the tangled, shapeless mass of post-interphase DNA into individualized chromosomes by compacting, organizing, and segregating chromosomal DNA.
The plant and animal cells contain two types of condensin complexes—condensin I and condensin II. Both complexes have five subunits: two SMC (Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes) subunits, a kleisin subunit, and two HEAT-repeat...
The plant and animal cells contain two types of condensin complexes—condensin I and condensin II. Both complexes have five subunits: two SMC (Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes) subunits, a kleisin subunit, and two HEAT-repeat...