祖先的层次结构和冲突
1Department of Biological Sciences and Anthropology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA. cboehm1@msn.com
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|May 19, 2012
概括
祖先的泛亚社会具有导致冲突的统治层次. 现代人类进化了冲突管理,通过进化的社会行为保留了战争和和平的潜力.
科学领域:
- 进化人类学的进化人类学.
- 灵长类动物学 灵长类动物学
- 行为生态学 行为生态学
背景情况:
- 祖先潘,人类,黑猩猩和黑猩猩的共同祖先,展示了社会统治层次.
- 这些层次结构通过个人和联盟竞争来促进冲突,男性和女性调解员都在场.
- 在祖先的潘社会中,独立的和解与调解是常见的.
研究的目的:
- 追踪社会冲突及其管理的进化轨迹,从祖先潘到现代人类的狩猎采集者.
- 分析人类进化过程中统治和竞争动态的转变.
- 了解冲突缓解策略在人类社会进化中的发展.
主要方法:
- 在祖先潘,,黑猩猩和现存的狩猎采集者中对社会结构的比较分析.
- 追踪社会竞争和冲突解决机制的进化轨迹.
- 行为生态学框架评估冲突和合作的成本和收益.
主要成果:
- 祖先的泛泛社会以统治层次和竞争为特色,有一些调解和独立的和解.
- 狩猎采集者社会表现出由于联盟行为而抑制的统治和竞争,除了伴侣竞争.
- 虽然祖先潘可能没有参与密集的战争 (类动物证明),但人类采集者拥有大规模冲突的潜力.
结论:
- 人类进化导致了复杂的冲突管理策略,包括先发制人的解决方案,停战和和平协议.
- 尽管冲突管理已经进化,但人类仍然保留了激烈冲突 (战争) 和缓解冲突 (和平) 的遗传基础.
- 战争和和平的能力是人类进化历史的持久遗产.
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