在人类冲突中,宗教和神圣的要求是必要的
1CNRS-Institut Jean Nicod, 29 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France. satran@umich.edu
概括
宗教培养了群体内信任,但可以增加群体外冲突. 对于合作和冲突至关重要的神圣价值观,驱使非理性的行动,维持难以解决的争端,但可能提供解决途径.
科学领域:
- 进化心理学 进化心理学
- 宗教社会学是宗教社会学.
- 冲突研究 冲突研究
背景情况:
- 宗教影响社会动态,通过共同的信仰和仪式促进群体内凝聚力.
- 道德神灵的出现促进了大规模合作和社会政治扩张.
- 神圣的价值观,与群体身份联系在一起,作为道德要求,超越了理性的决策.
研究的目的:
- 探讨宗教在促进合作和冲突方面的双重作用.
- 分析神圣价值观在人类社会中的功能.
- 了解神圣的价值观如何影响冲突的谈判和解决.
主要方法:
- 对宗教和进化论理论的概念分析.
- 对合作和冲突的人类学和历史证据的审查.
- 检查神圣价值观背后的心理机制.
主要成果:
- 宗教增强了群体内的信任,但可以增加群体外的不信任和冲突.
- 神灵的道德化使大规模合作和社会政治变化成为可能.
- 神圣的价值观,即使在世俗的偏好中,在冲突期间也变得不受物质激励的影响.
结论:
- 神圣的价值观是宗教在社会凝聚力和群体间冲突中的核心作用.
- 这些价值观驱使非理性行为,维持难以解决的冲突.
- 尽管神圣的价值观在冲突中发挥着重要作用,但它们可能会为解决冲突提供独特的机会.
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