没有战争的生活
1Peace, Mediation and Conflict Research, Department of Social Sciences, Åbo Akademi University in Vasa, Post Office Box 311, FIN-65100, Vasa, Finland. dfry@abo.fi
概括
战争不是不可避免的. 本研究确定了六个关键特征,如共享身份和冲突管理,这些特征使社会能够形成和维护和平系统,证明和平共处是可行的.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
- 人类学是人类学.
- 政治科学是政治学中的一个领域.
背景情况:
- 传统观点强调自然和人类社会中的竞争和冲突.
- 战争是人类历史的一个持久的特征,但不是一个普遍的常数.
研究的目的:
- 挑战对自然和人类本性的"红牙和爪子"观点.
- 确定成功的和平系统的共同特征.
- 展示创造一个没有战争的社会的可能性.
主要方法:
- 对三种不同的和平制度进行比较分析:上兴河流域部落,伊洛奎斯邦联和欧盟.
- 确定假设的特征对于社会间和平至关重要.
主要成果:
- 六个特征被确定为建立和维护和平系统的重要因素:
- 总体的社会身份认同.
- 分组之间的相互连接.
- 相互依赖 相互依赖
- 没有战斗的值.
- 符号和仪式加强了和平的象征和仪式.
- 负责冲突管理的上级机构.
结论:
- 和平系统,定义为不参与战争的邻国社会的群体,存在于全球.
- 已识别的特征为理解和潜在地建立持久的社会间和平提供了一个框架.
- 和平制度的存在证明了没有战争的社会制度是可以实现的.
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