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相关概念视频

Properties of Transition Metals02:58

Properties of Transition Metals

Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
Periodic Classification of the Elements04:00

Periodic Classification of the Elements

The periodic table arranges atoms based on increasing atomic number so that elements with the same chemical properties recur periodically. When their electron configurations are added to the table, a periodic recurrence of similar electron configurations in the outer shells of these elements is observed. Because they are in the outer shells of an atom, valence electrons play the most important role in chemical reactions. The outer electrons have the highest energy of the electrons in an atom...
Nuclear Transmutation03:20

Nuclear Transmutation

Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed protons being...
Complexometric Titration: Ligands00:43

Complexometric Titration: Ligands

Different monodentate and polydentate ligands are used as complexing agents in complexometric titration reactions. The formation of complexes by mono- and bidentate ligands involves two or more intermediate steps, limiting their use as complexing agents. In comparison, polydentate ligands can form complexes with metal ions in a single-step process, facilitating sharper end points. This means polydentate ligands, such as amino carboxylic acid derivatives, are most commonly employed in...
Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human eye.
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...

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相关实验视频

Updated: May 21, 2026

Preparation, Purification, and Characterization of Lanthanide Complexes for Use as Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging
13:21

Preparation, Purification, and Characterization of Lanthanide Complexes for Use as Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: July 21, 2011

区分三价兰坦化物和动因化物之间的区别.

Matthew J Polinski1, Daniel J Grant, Shuao Wang

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 156 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|May 31, 2012
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

这项研究合成了新型的兰化物和活性化物酸盐化合物,尽管合成条件相同,但两系列之间显示出不同的结构和电子特性. 电子结构计算显示局部化的An 5f轨道,在Pu酸盐中具有独特的结合相互作用.

更多相关视频

Application of Elemental Lanthanides in the Selective C-F Activation of Trifluoromethylated Benzofulvenes Providing Access to Various Difluoroalkenes
10:10

Application of Elemental Lanthanides in the Selective C-F Activation of Trifluoromethylated Benzofulvenes Providing Access to Various Difluoroalkenes

Published on: July 28, 2018

Hyperspectral Imaging as a Tool to Study Optical Anisotropy in Lanthanide-Based Molecular Single Crystals
07:24

Hyperspectral Imaging as a Tool to Study Optical Anisotropy in Lanthanide-Based Molecular Single Crystals

Published on: April 14, 2020

相关实验视频

Last Updated: May 21, 2026

Preparation, Purification, and Characterization of Lanthanide Complexes for Use as Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging
13:21

Preparation, Purification, and Characterization of Lanthanide Complexes for Use as Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: July 21, 2011

Application of Elemental Lanthanides in the Selective C-F Activation of Trifluoromethylated Benzofulvenes Providing Access to Various Difluoroalkenes
10:10

Application of Elemental Lanthanides in the Selective C-F Activation of Trifluoromethylated Benzofulvenes Providing Access to Various Difluoroalkenes

Published on: July 28, 2018

Hyperspectral Imaging as a Tool to Study Optical Anisotropy in Lanthanide-Based Molecular Single Crystals
07:24

Hyperspectral Imaging as a Tool to Study Optical Anisotropy in Lanthanide-Based Molecular Single Crystals

Published on: April 14, 2020

科学领域:

  • 无机化学 无机化学
  • 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
  • 固态化学 固态化学

背景情况:

  • 兰化物 (Ln) 和活性化物 (An) 元素形成具有多样结构的复杂酸盐化合物.
  • 了解这些化合物的结构和电子特性对于各种应用至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 为了合成和描述新型的酸 lanthanide 和酸 actinide 化合物.
  • 调查Ln和酸盐之间的结构和电子差异.
  • 为了阐明这些酸盐中An 5f和6d轨道的结合特性.

主要方法:

  • LnCl3和AnCl3与化玻利酸的反应.
  • 用X射线衍射进行结构确定.
  • 使用多引用CASSCF和DFT方法进行电子结构计算.
  • 自然键轨道和自然人口分析.

主要成果:

  • 形成各种Ln[B4]O6[OH]2Cl,Ln4[B8]O25[OH]13[Cl3],Ln[B6]O9[OH]3],Pu[B4]O6[OH]2Cl,Pu2[B3]O19[OH]5[Cl2][H2O]3,Am[B9]O13[OH]4[·H2O,以及Cm2[B14)O20[OH]7[H2O]2Cl]化合物.这些化合物中含有,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
  • 化合物表现出3D网络结构,对Ln3+和An3+离子具有不同的协调几何学 (9-和10-坐标).
  • 电子结构计算揭示了局部化的An 5f轨道,Pu 6p轨道在Pu酸盐和O 2p到An 6d移位在Am/Cm酸盐中移位.
  • 与Am和Cm酸盐相比,Pu酸盐具有更大的5f占用率和独特的An6d轨道参与.

结论:

  • 兰化物和动化物酸盐系列表现出非平行结构和电子行为,尽管合成相同.
  • 一个5f轨道是局部的,并且极少参与结合.
  • 观察到涉及Pu 6p,O 2p和An 6d轨道的明显电子相互作用,突出了Pu,Am和Cm酸盐中独特的结合.