对皮质脊髓系统发育和演变的控制
Sungbo Shim1, Kenneth Y Kwan, Mingfeng Li
1Department of Neurobiology and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA.
Nature
|June 9, 2012
概括
研究人员发现了一种控制皮质脊髓神经元发育的基因调节元件. 这个元素,E4,与SOX转录因子相互作用,以确保哺乳动物的正确脑电线和皮质层形成.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发育生物学 发展生物学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
背景情况:
- 哺乳动物的六层大脑新皮质和皮质脊髓管是关键的进化创新.
- 控制新皮层发育和进化的遗传机制尚未完全理解.
研究的目的:
- 确定调节皮质脊髓神经元发育的遗传元素.
- 阐明哺乳动物新皮质调节网络的进化起源.
主要方法:
- 鉴定了一种保存的非外来元素 (E4),作为Fezf2基因的皮质特异增强剂.
- 分析SOX4,SOX11和SOX5与E4元素的相互作用.
- 在皮质中通过CRISPR中介删除Sox4和Sox11,以评估对Fezf2表达和神经元发育的影响.
- 在四足动物进化过程中对E4中的SOX结合部位进行比较分析.
主要成果:
- E4作为Fezf2的关键增强剂,Fezf2是一种对皮质脊髓神经元认同至关重要的基因.
- SOX4和SOX11激活E4,与抑制器SOX5.5进行竞争.
- 删除Sox4和Sox11会破坏Fezf2的表达,损害皮质脊髓神经元的特异性,并导致类似卷轴器的皮质层层缺陷.
- 证据表明,在四足动物和哺乳动物进化过程中,E4中功能性SOX结合部位的进化.
结论:
- SOX转录因子聚集在Fezf2增强剂E4上,以调节皮质脊髓神经元发育.
- 这种调节网络对于建立神经元身份,连接性和皮质架构至关重要.
- 这些发现为哺乳动物新皮层进化的遗传基础提供了洞察力.
相关概念视频
01:37Neural Regulation
Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.
02:23Master Transcription Regulators
Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
02:23Master Transcription Regulators
Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
01:10Spinal Cord: Information Processing
The spinal cord is an integral hub for motor and sensory information that enables the brain to communicate with the peripheral nervous system (PNS). This communication consists of relaying sensory data and transmission of motor commands.
Sensory Information Processing
Sensory information processing begins at the sensory receptors located in the skin and other tissues, which detect somatic sensory stimuli such as touch, temperature, or pain. These receptors function as catalysts, initiating...
Sensory Information Processing
Sensory information processing begins at the sensory receptors located in the skin and other tissues, which detect somatic sensory stimuli such as touch, temperature, or pain. These receptors function as catalysts, initiating...
01:26Spinal Cord
The spinal cord, a critical component of the central nervous system, extends from the base of the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. It is essential for maintaining physical stability and facilitating communication between the brain and peripheral parts of the body.
01:29Translational Regulation
Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...