国际贸易推动了发展中国家的生物多样性威胁
M Lenzen1, D Moran, K Kanemoto
1ISA, School of Physics A28, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia. m.lenzen@physics.usyd.edu.au
Nature
|June 9, 2012
概括
国际贸易推动了全球物种威胁的30%,发达国家的消费者通过商品需求对海外的生物多样性产生影响. 这凸显了对生物多样性丧失的全球解决方案的需要.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
- 环境经济学环境经济学
背景情况:
- 人类活动正在导致地球的第六次大规模灭绝,生物多样性以前所未有的速度下降.
- 从历史上看,息地入侵是局部的,但全球化和国际贸易现在正在推动全球息地退化.
- 国际贸易作为物种威胁的驱动因素的作用不太清楚.
研究的目的:
- 量化国际贸易对物种威胁的影响.
- 确定发达国家消费需求对发展中国家生物多样性丧失的影响.
- 分析全球供应链对生物多样性的影响.
主要方法:
- 将25,000个动物物种威胁记录 (IUCN红色名单) 与来自187个国家的15,000多种商品联系起来.
- 评估了超过50亿个供应链对生物多样性的影响,不包括入侵物种.
- 评估了发达国家与生产地点消费的生物多样性足迹.
主要成果:
- 国际贸易占全球物种威胁的30%.
- 发达国家的消费者通过进口商品 (例如咖啡,织品,鱼类) 在国外造成了显著的生物多样性足迹.
- 对于许多发达国家来说,消费对生物多样性的影响在出口国家比国内更大.
结论:
- 生物多样性丧失必须被视为全球系统性问题,而不是仅限于生产国.
- 调查结果支持更好的监管,可持续供应链认证和消费品标签.
- 解决国际贸易的影响对于缓解正在进行的灭绝事件至关重要.
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