调节性DNA的比较表观基因组注释
Shu Xiao1, Dan Xie, Xiaoyi Cao
1Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA.
Cell
|June 12, 2012
概括
比较表观基因组学比较跨物种的DNA和基因组修饰,以确定调节性基因组元素. 这种方法揭示了保存的监管特征,这些特征仅通过序列分析才能发现.
科学领域:
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 表观遗传学 在表观遗传学中,表观遗传学是指表观遗传学.
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
背景情况:
- 尽管有大量的基因组数据,但对调节性DNA序列的功能注释仍然具有挑战性.
- 了解调节元件对于破译基因表达和细胞功能至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 引入和验证比较表观遗传学作为注释调控基因组的方法.
- 在物种中识别保存的表观基因组模式,以发现调节元素.
主要方法:
- 比较表观基因组学涉及DNA和基因组修饰的跨物种比较.
- 细胞因子甲基化,基因组标记 (H2A.Z,H3K4me1/2/3,H3K9me3,H3K27me3,H3K27ac,H3K36me3) 的基因组分布分析,RNA,以及转录因子在人类,小鼠和猪干细胞中的结合.
- 表观基因组和转录基因组进化变化之间的相关性分析.
主要成果:
- 在快速和缓慢进化的DNA序列中观察到表观遗传学保护,但在中性进化的DNA序列中没有.
- 在表观基因组和转录基因组的进化变化之间发现了线性相关性.
- 对表观遗传学标记的保存定位成功识别了调节序列,其中七对在胚胎干细胞分化过程中显示调节功能.
结论:
- 比较表观遗传学是发现调节性基因组特征的一种强有力的方法.
- 保存的表观基因组模式为基因组调节提供了超越序列比较的见解.
- 这种方法增强了调节性DNA序列的功能注释.
相关概念视频
Epigenetic Regulation
Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation
Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Epigenetic Regulation
Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Cis-regulatory Sequences
Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
Cis-regulatory Sequences
Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators
Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome. Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form dimers that...


