在复合系统中T细胞受体触发的生物物理机制
1Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, California 94158, USA.
Nature
|July 6, 2012
概括
T细胞受体 (TCR) 信号由结MHC (pMHC) 相互作用启动. 这项研究揭示了TCR信号需要细胞膜中酶和酸酶的空间分离,这是一种适用于癌症免疫治疗的机制.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
- 生物化学 生物化学
背景情况:
- T细胞受体 (TCR) 的激活通过与-MHC (pMHC) 复合体的相互作用启动T细胞介导免疫.
- 尽管TCR缺乏内在激酶活性,但TCR酸化的精确机制尚未完全理解.
- 了解这种信号通路对于T细胞功能和治疗干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 阐明T细胞受体 (TCR) 信号启动的机制.
- 研究膜蛋白分离在TCR介导的细胞内酸化中的作用.
- 探索这种机制对其他受体系统的概括性,包括用于癌症免疫治疗的仿真抗原受体 (CAR).
主要方法:
- 在非免疫细胞中重建T细胞受体 (TCR) 和相关的信号分子.
- 利用细胞与抗原呈现细胞的结合来触发连体特异信号.
- 采用人工的,化学控制的受体系统来模仿TCR-pMHC相互作用.
- 分析膜结合酸酶和酸酶的差异分离.
主要成果:
- 在与抗原呈现细胞结合后,在非免疫细胞中成功重建了联体特异信号传递.
- 表明TCR信号取决于酸酶和激酶在等离子体膜内的空间分离.
- 人工受体系统证实,细胞外结合能可以驱动膜蛋白分离,而不会发生构造变化.
- 这种机制被证明适用于嵌合式抗原受体 (CAR).
结论:
- T细胞受体 (TCR) 信号由等离子体膜中信号分子的精确空间组织来调节.
- 细胞外相互作用的结合能量可以诱导膜蛋白分离,这是受体激活的基本机制.
- 这种发现的机制对了解T细胞激活和设计下一代癌症免疫疗法,如CAR T细胞疗法,具有重大意义.
相关概念视频
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Diversity of Antigen Receptors
Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation
The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
Receptor Tyrosine Kinases
Receptor tyrosine kinases or RTKs are membrane-bound receptors that phosphorylate specific tyrosine on protein substrates. RTKs regulate cellular growth, differentiation, survival, and migration. They contain an extracellular ligand binding domain, a transmembrane domain, and a cytosolic tail with intrinsic kinase activity. Several extracellular signaling molecules activate RTKs in one or more ways and relay the signal downstream. Ligands such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) or...
Transducer Mechanism: Enzyme-Linked Receptors
Enzyme-linked receptors are cell-surface receptors acting as an enzyme or associating with an enzyme intracellularly. They make excellent drug targets. Drugs can bind to the extracellular ligand-binding domain or directly affect their enzymatic domain and alter their activity.
Major types that are helpful drug targets include:
Major types that are helpful drug targets include:
Enzyme-linked Receptors
Enzyme-linked receptors are proteins that act as both receptor and enzyme, activating multiple intracellular signals. This is a large group of receptors that include the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family. Many growth factors and hormones bind to and activate the RTKs.
Neurotrophin (NT) receptors are a family of RTKs, including trkA, trkB, and trkC (tropomyosin-related kinase) receptors. TrkA is specific for nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-6, and neurotrophin-7. TrkB binds...
Neurotrophin (NT) receptors are a family of RTKs, including trkA, trkB, and trkC (tropomyosin-related kinase) receptors. TrkA is specific for nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-6, and neurotrophin-7. TrkB binds...


