纹状肌肉的独立进化在类动物和双边动物中
Patrick R H Steinmetz1, Johanna E M Kraus, Claire Larroux
1Department for Molecular Evolution and Development, Centre for Organismal Systems Biology, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
Nature
|July 6, 2012
概括
条纹肌肉的进化起源早于多细胞动物,单细胞生物中发现的关键蛋白质. 不同动物群体中条纹肌肉的独立进化表明了融合的发展,而不是单一的共同祖先.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
- 肌肉生理学 肌肉生理学
- 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
背景情况:
- 在双边动物和一些非双边动物中发现了条纹肌肉,结构上的相似性表明它们有共同的起源.
- 多种动物类型的条纹肌肉的进化历史和发展仍然不完全理解.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究条纹肌肉蛋白的进化起源.
- 为了确定条纹肌肉是不是从一个共同的祖先进化而来,还是从一个共同的祖先进化而来.
- 了解肌重链 (MyHC) 和相关蛋白质的多样化.
主要方法:
- 比较基因组学和遗传学,以识别各种动物群体的肌肉蛋白质正统学.
- 在海绵中对基因表达的分析,以研究MyHCortologue多样化.
- 检查类动物和类动物的蛋白质复合物组成 (例如,titin,troponin).
主要成果:
- 一组核心的肌肉蛋白质,包括II型肌重链 (MyHC),存在于多细胞动物的起源之前.
- 在海绵中观察到"条纹肌肉"和"非肌肉"MyHC骨干的不同表达.
- 类动物和类动物拥有条纹肌肉MyHC,但缺乏双边条纹肌肉的关键成分,如titin和troponin,这表明它们的演变趋同.
结论:
- 条纹肌肉的进化涉及到将新蛋白质添加到一个古老的收缩装置中.
- 类动物,特别是类动物和类动物中条纹肌肉的独立进化突出了融合的进化途径.
- 这项研究为理解复杂动物细胞类型的进化提供了一个模型.
相关概念视频
Gastrulation
69.5K
Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata...
69.5K
Convergent Evolution
34.7K
Evolution shapes the features of organisms over time, ensuring that they are suited for the environments in which they live. Sometimes, selection pressure leads to the rise of similar but unrelated adaptations in organisms with no recent common ancestors, a process known as convergent evolution.
34.7K
The Role of Actin and Myosin in Non-muscle Cells
5.9K
Actin and myosin or actomyosin filaments also play a significant role in cells other than those involved in muscle contraction (which occurs within the sarcomere of muscle cells). The mechanism of non-muscle cell contractile bundles was first observed in Dictyostelium and Acanthamoeba. In non-muscle cells, two bundles are commonly found: stress fibers and actomyosin adherence belts. These contractile bundles are smaller and less organized than the ones found in muscle cells. They are held...
5.9K
Formation of Muscle Fibers from Myoblasts
7.4K
De novo myogenesis, or the formation of muscle fibers, begins during the early embryonic stages. The skeletal muscle is formed from somites– blocks of embryonic cell layers. The somites are further divided into dermatomes, myotomes, sclerotomes, and syndetomes. Among these, the myotomes give rise to muscle fibers.
Muscle progenitor cells (MPCs) are formed from the myotomes. MPCs express genes that encode the transcription factors Pax3 and Pax7. Along with Pax 3/7, other transcription...
Muscle progenitor cells (MPCs) are formed from the myotomes. MPCs express genes that encode the transcription factors Pax3 and Pax7. Along with Pax 3/7, other transcription...
7.4K
Structure and Organization of Smooth Muscles
10.9K
Smooth muscle tissue is a type of muscle tissue that can be found lining various vital organs in the human body, including the lungs, blood vessels, digestive tract, and respiratory tract. This type of tissue is responsible for regulating the movements of these organs, playing crucial roles in the functioning of various systems, including the vascular, digestive, respiratory, and urinary systems.
Structure of smooth muscle cell
Smooth muscle cells are spindle-shaped with tapering ends and a...
Structure of smooth muscle cell
Smooth muscle cells are spindle-shaped with tapering ends and a...
10.9K
Fascicle Arrangement in Skeletal Muscles
5.0K
Fascicles are bundles of muscle fibers in a skeletal muscle. Muscle fascicle arrangement is directly associated with the power and range of motion of various muscles. The configuration of these fascicles can vary, leading to different functional outcomes.
The four primary types of muscle based on fascicle arrangement are:
The four primary types of muscle based on fascicle arrangement are:
5.0K


