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相关概念视频

Periodic Classification of the Elements04:00

Periodic Classification of the Elements

The periodic table arranges atoms based on increasing atomic number so that elements with the same chemical properties recur periodically. When their electron configurations are added to the table, a periodic recurrence of similar electron configurations in the outer shells of these elements is observed. Because they are in the outer shells of an atom, valence electrons play the most important role in chemical reactions. The outer electrons have the highest energy of the electrons in an atom...
Crystallographic Point Groups01:29

Crystallographic Point Groups

Crystallographic point groups represent the various symmetry operations that can occur within crystals. They are unique in that at least one point will always remain unchanged during these actions. For instance, consider the triclinic system. This system, devoid of any axis or plane of symmetry, aligns with the C1 and Ci point groups.where Cᵢ is characterized solely by a center of inversion.Contrastingly, the monoclinic system introduces an element of symmetry. This system with one plane and...
Coordination Number and Geometry02:57

Coordination Number and Geometry

For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
Predicting Molecular Geometry02:27

Predicting Molecular Geometry

VSEPR Theory for Determination of Electron Pair Geometries
The Seven Crystal Systems: Overview01:24

The Seven Crystal Systems: Overview

Crystals with various point group symmetries belong to different crystal classes, which are synonymous terms. Despite being in the same class, crystals may have distinct shapes, like cubes and octahedra. There are 32 three-dimensional point groups, all of which are systematically divided into seven crystal systems.The basic cubic crystal system, exemplified by NaCl, features orthogonal vectors (α = β = �� = 90°) of equal lengths (a = b = c). When specific requirements are not imposed on the...
Noble Gases02:54

Noble Gases


The elements in group 18 are noble gases (helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon). They earned the name “noble” because they were assumed to be nonreactive since they have filled valence shells. In 1962, Dr. Neil Bartlett at the University of British Columbia proved this assumption to be false.

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Synthesis of Nine-atom Deltahedral Zintl Ions of Germanium and their Functionalization with Organic Groups
08:15

Synthesis of Nine-atom Deltahedral Zintl Ions of Germanium and their Functionalization with Organic Groups

Published on: February 11, 2012

十四组元素的四角性异构体.

Zhisheng Zhao1, Fei Tian, Xiao Dong

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|July 19, 2012
PubMed
概括

研究人员通过计算在14组元素如碳,和中发现了一种新的四边形基 (T12). 这种sp(3) 键结构解释了以前未知的实验阶段,并提出了一个新的合成路径.

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科学领域:

  • 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
  • 计算化学的计算化学
  • 固态物理 固态物理

背景情况:

  • 14组元素 (碳,,) 呈现出具有重要的工业应用的多样化的稳定和转移稳定的等离子体.
  • 目前正在发现这些元素的新型异构体仍然是科学兴趣的关键领域.

研究的目的:

  • 通过计算方法发现14组元素的新类型.
  • 描述新发现的异构体的结构和结合性质.
  • 为现有的实验数据提供解释,并提出新的合成途径.

主要方法:

  • 采用粒子群结构性搜索来探索潜在的异构体.
  • 利用计算方法来确定结构性,粘合性和热力学性能.
  • 分析了实验数据,包括d间距和拉曼光谱.

主要成果:

  • 发现了碳,和共同的新型四边形基 (T12),具有sp(3) 结合和相互连接的螺旋六,五和七条环.
  • 与其他已知的sp(3) 异构体相比,T12结构具有有利的热力学稳定性.
  • T12多态成功解释了-XIII的转变稳定和拉曼光谱的实验d间距.

结论:

  • 通过计算发现的T12全方位提供了对和以前神秘的实验相的结构解释.
  • 通过高压Si-II或Ge-II阶段的解压,为T12阶段提出了一条可行的实验合成路线.
  • 这一发现扩大了已知的14组元素的全热带景观,并为未来的材料设计和合成提供了途径.