身体活动的相关性:为什么有些人身体活跃,而有些人不活跃?
Adrian E Bauman1, Rodrigo S Reis, James F Sallis
1Prevention Research Collaboration, School of Public Health, Sydney University, NSW, Australia. adrian.bauman@sydney.edu.au
Lancet (London, England)
|July 24, 2012
概括
了解影响身体活动的因素是预防全球非传染性疾病的关键. 研究强调了与身体活动水平相关的个人,环境和遗传因素.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 行为科学 行为科学
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 身体不活动是全球非传染性疾病 (NCD) 的主要风险因素,特别是在高收入国家,越来越多的是低收入和中等收入国家 (LMICs).
- 有效的公共卫生干预需要了解身体活动的相关因素 (关联因素) 和决定因素 (因果因素).
- 以前的研究主要集中在高收入环境中的个人层面因素上.
研究的目的:
- 审查当前对身体活动相关因素和决定因素的理解.
- 强调生态模型和新兴研究领域在理解身体不活动方面的重要性.
- 突出在LMICs研究的需要,以告知全球NCD预防.
主要方法:
- 关于身体活动的相关因素和决定因素的文献综述研究.
- 包括个人层面的因素 (年龄,性别,健康状况,自我效能,动机).
- 考虑结合社会和物理环境因素 (城市规划,交通,公园) 的生态模型.
- 探索新的研究领域,包括遗传,进化和与肥胖相关的决定因素,以及身体活动的纵向跟踪.
主要成果:
- 年龄,性别,健康状况,自我效能和动机等个人因素与身体活动水平有关.
- 生态模型证明了更广泛的社会和物理环境对身体不活动的影响.
- 新兴研究确定了遗传倾向,进化因素,肥胖和生命历程跟踪作为相关决定因素.
结论:
- 对于设计有效的公共卫生干预措施来说,全面了解体育活动的相关因素和决定因素至关重要.
- 将研究扩展到LMIC,并纳入生态和新型决定因素,对于全球NCD预防至关重要.
- 解决身体不活动问题需要采取多方面的方法,考虑个人,环境和生物因素.
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