在美国以外出生的人群中的艾滋病毒,2007-2010年
Adria Tassy Prosser1, Tian Tang, H Irene Hall
1Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. ahp8@cdc.gov
JAMA
|July 24, 2012
概括
一项研究发现,2007年至2010年在美国新诊断的人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV) 的16.2%是外国出生的个人. 与美国出生的艾滋病毒感染者相比,这些人表现出不同的人口和风险因素概况.
科学领域:
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
背景情况:
- 外国出生的个人占美国人口的很大一部分.
- 外国出生的个人面临的医疗保健接入挑战可能会影响人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV) 的结果.
- 了解这一群体的艾滋病毒流行病学对于有针对性的干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 研究在美国诊断的外国出生的和美国出生的个人中艾滋病毒的流行病学.
- 为了比较这两个群体之间的人口特征和传播风险因素.
主要方法:
- 对2007-2010年间46个州和5个美国领土的艾滋病毒诊断情况的分析.
- 包括来自国家艾滋病毒监测系统的人口统计数据和艾滋病毒传播风险因素.
- 外国出生的定义是指在美国领土以外出生的个人,包括入籍公民.
主要成果:
- 在191,697例艾滋病毒诊断中的16.2%是外国出生的个人.
- 外国出生的艾滋病毒感染者的主要出生地区包括中美洲 (41.0%),加勒比海 (21.5%) 和非洲 (14.5%).
- 外国出生的艾滋病毒感染者不成比例地是西班牙裔 (42.2%) 和亚裔 (64.3%的亚裔诊断),异性传播率更高 (39.4%对27.2%).
结论:
- 在研究期间,外国出生的个人占HIV新诊断的16.2%.
- 在被诊断患有艾滋病毒的外国出生的和美国出生的个人之间存在流行病学特征的显著差异.
- 调查结果强调了针对外国出生的人口制定量身定制的公共卫生战略的必要性.
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