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你能降到多低?你可以降到多低? 大象超声波发声的物理生产机制
Christian T Herbst1, Angela S Stoeger, Roland Frey
1Department of Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria. christian.herbst@univie.ac.at
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|August 4, 2012
概括
大象通过流动诱导的声振动产生超声波通信,而不是肌肉抽. 这种发声机制在许多哺乳动物物种中很常见.
科学领域:
- 生物声学是一种生物声学.
- 哺乳动物生理学哺乳动物生理学
- 喉生物力学 喉生物力学
背景情况:
- 大象利用超声波 (低于20 Hz) 进行通信.
- 大象的发声机制受到争论,其中的假设包括喉肌肉抽或声振动.
研究的目的:
- 研究大象发声中的超声波产生的物理机制.
- 为了确定神经控制或空气动力学力量是否驱动大象喉功能.
主要方法:
- 直接高速视频观测一个切割的大象喉.
- 在空气流条件下对声振动的分析.
主要成果:
- 在大象喉中证明了流动诱导的自我维持的声振动.
- 排除了神经信号或""机制的必要性,以产生超声波.
- 确定了适用于各种哺乳动物发声的物理原理.
结论:
- 大象的超声波通信是由声振动的空气动力学原理产生的.
- 这种机制在哺乳动物中保持不变,无论身体大小或频率范围如何.
- 提供对哺乳动物语音产生的统一理解.
相关概念视频
00:53Sound Intensity Level
Humans perceive sound by hearing. The human ear helps sound waves reach the brain, which then interprets the waves and creates the perception of hearing. The loudness of the environment in which a person is located determines whether they can distinguish between different sound sources.
The human ear can perceive an extensive range of sound intensity, necessitating the use of the logarithmic scale to define a physical quantity—the intensity level. It is a ratio of two intensities and hence a...
The human ear can perceive an extensive range of sound intensity, necessitating the use of the logarithmic scale to define a physical quantity—the intensity level. It is a ratio of two intensities and hence a...
01:06Echo
The human ear cannot distinguish between two sources of sound if they happen to reach within a specific time interval, typically 0.1 seconds apart. More than this, and they are perceived as separate sources.
Imagine the sound is reflected back to the ears. Assuming that the source is very close to the human, the difference between hearing the two sounds—the emitted sound and the reflected sound—may be more than the minimum time for perceiving distinct sounds. If this is the case, then the...
Imagine the sound is reflected back to the ears. Assuming that the source is very close to the human, the difference between hearing the two sounds—the emitted sound and the reflected sound—may be more than the minimum time for perceiving distinct sounds. If this is the case, then the...