在人类细胞中转录的景观
Sarah Djebali1, Carrie A Davis, Angelika Merkel
1Centre for Genomic Regulation and UPF, Doctor Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Catalonia, Spain.
Nature
|September 8, 2012
概括
研究人员创建了人类RNA的全面目录,揭示了大部分基因组是转录的. 这种RNA目录为细胞调节提供了新的见解,并促使重新定义了基因概念.
科学领域:
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
背景情况:
- 细胞产生各种RNA,这些RNA对基因表达至关重要.
- 缺乏关于细胞RNA及其位置的全面目录.
- 了解RNA对于破译基因组功能和调节至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 创建一个全面的人类RNAs目录.
- 描述RNA的表达,定位,处理和修饰.
- 根据新型RNA发现重新定义基因的概念.
主要方法:
- 人类基因组的大规模转录组分析.
- 已知和以前未被注释的RNA的识别和注释.
- 对RNA表达水平,亚细胞局部化和处理途径的表征.
主要成果:
- 有证据表明,人类基因组的四分之三是转录的.
- 详细观察了众多RNA的表达,定位和修饰.
- 数以千计以前未被注释的RNA被识别和描述.
结论:
- 这项研究提供了一个几乎完整的人类RNAs目录.
- 这些发现挑战了传统的定义,并扩大了基因的概念.
- 这项工作对于理解基因组功能和细胞调节的基础.
相关概念视频
Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression
Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area.
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the timing and level of...
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the timing and level of...
DNA Packaging
Overview
Transcription
Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
Transcription
Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in correctly synthesizing messenger RNA (mRNA). Transcriptional regulation is responsible for the differentiation of different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds of RNA Molecules
In eukaryotes,...
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds of RNA Molecules
In eukaryotes,...
Transcription
Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in correctly synthesizing messenger RNA (mRNA). Transcriptional regulation is responsible for the differentiation of different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds of RNA Molecules
In eukaryotes,...
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds of RNA Molecules
In eukaryotes,...
General Transcription Factors
Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...


