在花粉中的DNA甲基化重编程通过小RNA引导表观遗传
Joseph P Calarco1, Filipe Borges, Mark T A Donoghue
1Howard Hughes Medical Institute-Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Watson School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, NY 11724, USA.
Cell
|September 25, 2012
概括
植物在其生殖系中保留了DNA甲基化,与哺乳动物不同. 小RNA指导植物生殖细胞中的DNA甲基化恢复,影响遗传和转子子沉默.
科学领域:
- 植物生物学 植物生物学
- 表观遗传学 在表观遗传学中,表观遗传学是指表观遗传学.
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
背景情况:
- 表观遗传在植物中比哺乳动物更为普遍,这是由于生殖系重编程的差异.
- 了解植物生殖细胞中的表观遗传重编程对于理解遗传模式至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究发育植物花粉中的DNA甲基化模式.
- 阐明小RNA在植物繁殖过程中的表观遗传重编程中的作用.
主要方法:
- 三种单体细胞类型的甲基组测序:精子,植物和微粒.
- 对DNA甲基化 (CG,CHG,CHH) 和小RNA配置文件的分析.
主要成果:
- 植物生殖系保留了CG和CHGDNA甲基化,与哺乳动物不同.
- 由于微胞和精子细胞中的逆转移子,CHH甲基化失去了.
- 24nt小干扰RNAs引导DNA甲基转移酶重新恢复CHH甲基化在植物核和胚胎中.
- 德米特 (DME) 和沉默1的抑制剂 (ROS1) 同类物介于植物核中的CG甲基化损失,影响印记的位置.
结论:
- 植物花粉中的基因组重编程对于表观遗传,转子子沉默和印记至关重要.
- 小RNA在引导植物生殖细胞中的表观遗传重编程方面发挥着关键作用.
相关概念视频
Epigenetic Regulation
Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation
Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Epigenetic Regulation
Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance
Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures
Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...
piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs
PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...


