复杂的牙结构和磨损生物力学在Hadrosaurid恐龙
Gregory M Erickson1, Brandon A Krick, Matthew Hamilton
1Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4295, USA. gerickson@bio.fsu.edu
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 9, 2012
概括
嘴恐龙 (Hadrosauridae) 进化了复杂的六组织牙,与典型的两组织爬行动物牙不同. 这些专门的牙结构使得高效的植物研磨和大草食饮食成为可能.
科学领域:
- 古生物学的古生物学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 生物力学 生物力学
背景情况:
- 哺乳动物的磨牙具有四种组织的差异性磨损,以实现高效的植物加工.
- 这种复杂的牙结构在马和大象等各种哺乳动物中独立演变.
- 类恐龙,嘴恐龙,在8500万年前独立进化了类似的磨牙,使它们作为大草食动物的统治地位成为可能.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究牙的复杂性和生物力学适应性,哈德罗沙类的牙.
- 了解哈德罗类动物如何获得复杂的磨削能力,与原始爬行动物牙原型分开.
- 为了阐明草食恐龙中牙组织的进化创新.
主要方法:
- 对哈德罗萨里德牙组成的分析,识别了六种不同的组织类型.
- 开发三维磨损模型来模拟牙对牙的相互作用.
- 将化石磨损特性纳入生物机械模型.
主要成果:
- 哈德罗类动物具有独特的六组织牙组成,比典型的两组织爬行动物牙复杂得多.
- 模拟显示了这六种组织的差异性磨损如何促进坚固的植物材料的高效研磨.
- 专门的牙结构支持在劳拉西亚大草食动物中哈德罗索里德生态专业化.
结论:
- 哈德罗类动物从祖先的爬行动物牙计划中脱离,发展出一种高度复杂的,多组织的草食系统.
- 这种牙科创新是他们作为大型食草动物的长期生态成功的关键.
- 这项研究揭示了哺乳动物和恐龙复杂磨牙的融合进化.
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