实现全球生物多样性保护目标的财务成本:当前支出和未满足的需求
Donal P McCarthy1, Paul F Donald, Jörn P W Scharlemann
1BirdLife International, Wellbrook Court, Cambridge CB3 0NA, UK.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 16, 2012
概括
全球灭绝目标需要大幅增加资金. 阻止灭绝和保护鸟类和其他物种的生物多样性热点将每年花费数十亿美元,目前的资金远远不足.
科学领域:
- 保护科学 保护科学
- 环境经济学环境经济学
- 生物多样性管理 生物多样性管理
背景情况:
- 全球各国政府承诺到2020年停止人为导致的灭绝,并保护关键的生物多样性遗址.
- 实现这些雄心勃勃的保护目标的财务影响在很大程度上仍未得到量化.
研究的目的:
- 估计与减少全球危鸟类物种灭绝风险相关的年度财务成本.
- 确定保护和管理关键地点的成本,以保护鸟类和更广泛的生物多样性.
- 评估实现国际生物多样性目标的资金缺口.
主要方法:
- 经济建模以估计减少危鸟类灭绝风险的年度成本.
- 全球重要鸟类保护区 (Important Bird Areas) 的保护和管理成本分析.
- 额外推算成本以包括非鸟类危物种和额外的生物多样性遗址.
主要成果:
- 减少危鸟类的灭绝风险需要每年估计0.875美元123亿美元,目前仅有12%的资金.
- 包括受威胁的非鸟类物种在内,每年成本上升至3.414.76亿美元.
- 保护所有陆地重要鸟类区每年花费651亿美元,如果包括其他种类的地点,则增加到761亿美元.
结论:
- 实现国际生物多样性目标需要大幅增加保护资金,至少增加十倍.
- 为了减轻灭绝风险和保护各种物种的关键息地,需要大量的金融投资.
- 目前的资金水平不足以实现保护生物多样性的全球保护目标.
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