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鸟类在空间和时间的全球多样性

W Jetz¹, G H Thomas, J B Joy

¹Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, 165 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8106, USA. walter.jetz@yale.edu

|November 6, 2012

概括

全球鸟类生物多样性模式显示了快速多样化,特别是在歌鸟和温带群体中,由半球而不是度因素驱动. 这项宏观进化研究强调了对鸟类物种的地理影响.

科学领域:

宏观生态学和宏观进化
分子遗传学分子遗传学
生物多样性科学生物多样性科学

背景情况:

全球生物多样性模式源于复杂的时空过程,需要综合的宏观生态和宏观进化方法.
分子时间树改善了对多样化速率和适应辐射的理解,但不完整的家族遗传和地理数据限制了广泛的推断.
快速辐射及其地理位置在塑造全球生物多样性的作用仍然不清楚.

研究的目的:

为所有现存的鸟类物种 (9,993) 提供和分析第一个完整的定时类谱.
研究鸟类多样化的速度和方式及其地理基础.
了解快速辐射对全球生物多样性模式的贡献.

主要方法:

构建和分析所有现存鸟类物种的完整的定时分子系谱.
在整个鸟类生命树和地理空间的多样化率的映射.
考虑到分类学和地理因素的多样化率的比较分析.

主要成果:

从大约5000万年前到现在,鸟类的多样化速度显著增加.
多元化加速与歌鸟,水鸟,海和天的数量增加有关.
快速多样化的热点在地理上分布在半球 (亚洲,北美,南美南部),而不是沿着度梯度.

结论:

快速辐射的血统显著影响着鸟类的时间多样化动态和空间物种多样性分布.
包容性的地理和分类学观点对于理解宏观进化模式至关重要.
尽管有潜在的分类特异性减速,但现代鸟类的适应区可能仍然为多样化提供了机会.

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