Jove
Visualize
联系我们
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
关于 JoVE
概览领导团队博客JoVE 帮助中心
作者
出版流程编辑委员会范围与政策同行评审常见问题投稿
图书馆员
用户评价订阅访问资源图书馆顾问委员会常见问题
研究
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments存档
教育
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab Manual教师资源中心教师网站
使用条款与条件
隐私政策
政策

相关概念视频

Radical Reactivity: Steric Effects01:10

Radical Reactivity: Steric Effects

The presence of electron-donating, electron-withdrawing, or conjugating groups adjacent to a radical center, imparts electronic stabilization to the radicals. Examples of such electronically-stabilized radicals are triphenylmethyl, tetramethylpiperidine‐N‐oxide, and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl. These radicals are remarkably stable and are known as persistent radicals. Some of the persistent radicals can even be isolated and purified.
Along with electronic factors, steric factors also account...
Radical Reactivity: Overview01:11

Radical Reactivity: Overview

Radicals, the highly reactive species, gain stability by undergoing three different reactions. The first reaction involves a radical-radical coupling, in which a radical combines with another radical, forming a spin‐paired molecule. The second reaction is between a radical and a spin‐paired molecule, generating a new radical and a new spin‐paired molecule. The third reaction is radical decomposition in a unimolecular reaction, forming a new radical and a spin‐paired molecule. These three...
Radical Formation: Overview01:03

Radical Formation: Overview

A bond can be broken either by heterolytic bond cleavage to form ions or homolytic bond cleavage to yield radicals. A fishhook arrow is used to represent the motion of a single electron in homolytic bond cleavage. There are two main sources from which radicals can be formed:
Radicals from spin-paired molecules:
Radicals can be obtained from spin-paired molecules either by homolysis or electron transfer. While two radicals are formed in the former, an electron is added in the latter, also known...
Radical Formation: Addition00:47

Radical Formation: Addition

Radicals can be formed by adding a radical to a spin-paired molecule. This is typically observed with unsaturated species, where the addition of a radical across the π bond leads to the production of a new radical by dissolving the π bond. For example, the addition of a Br radical to an alkene yields a carbon-centered radical.
Similar to charge conservation in chemical reactions, spin conservation is implicit for radical reactions. Accordingly, the product formed must possess an unpaired...
Radical Formation: Homolysis00:54

Radical Formation: Homolysis

A bond is formed between two atoms by sharing two electrons. When this bond is broken by supplying sufficient energy, either two electrons can be taken up by one atom forming ions by the cleavage called heterolysis, or the two electrons are shared by two atoms, with one each creating radicals by the cleavage called homolysis.
Radical Reactivity: Intramolecular vs Intermolecular01:33

Radical Reactivity: Intramolecular vs Intermolecular

Radical reactions can occur either intermolecularly or intramolecularly. In an intermolecular radical reaction, a nucleophilic radical adds to an electrophilic alkene or vice versa. In such reactions, the radical and generally the alkene, which is also called the radical trap, are two different molecules. Additionally, for such intermolecular reactions to occur, the radical trap must be active, present in an excess concentration, and the radical starting material must have a weak carbon–halogen...

您也可能阅读

相关文章

通过共同作者、期刊和引用图与本文相关的文章。

排序
Same author

Fluoride Electrolyte Discovery via Reactivity Guided Genetic Algorithms.

The journal of physical chemistry. B·2026
Same author

Organic Chemistry as a Catalyst for AI Innovation: Challenges, Methods, and Emerging Paradigms.

Chemical reviews·2026
Same author

On the fundamentals of organic mixed ionic/electronic conductors.

Journal of materials chemistry. C·2026
Same author

Escaping Vibrational Purgatory: Hybrid kMC/MD Algorithms for Atomistic Simulations of Slow Reaction Chemistry.

Journal of chemical theory and computation·2026
Same author

A Modular 3D-Printed Design to Investigate Prebiotic Chemical Systems in Hot Spring Pools.

Astrobiology·2026
Same author

RNA Hairpin Synthesis by RNase-Catalyzed Dynamic Covalent Chemistry.

Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology·2026
Same journal

Decoding Galectin-Glycan Recognition with <sup>19</sup>F-Tagged Lectins: from Simple Glycans to the Cellular Glycocalyx.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same journal

Open- and Closed-Shell Roles of Sensitizer and Annihilator in Pseudo-Single Component Mixtures for Upconversion.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same journal

Pressure-Induced Superconductivity at 15 K in van-der-Waals Ferroelectric CuInP<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub>.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same journal

Carbene Analogues of Group 15: Reduction of s-Hydrindacene-Based Chloropnictogenium Ions To Access an Antimony Hydride Monocation and a Trinuclear Bismuth Dication.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same journal

Chiral-Ligand-Modulated Nickel-Catalyzed Stereoselective Radical Migratory C2-Arylation of Carbohydrates.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same journal

Coordination-Constraint-Driven Enhanced Chirality Induction in Perovskite Quantum Dot Solids.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
查看所有相关文章

相关实验视频

Updated: May 16, 2026

Exploring the Radical Nature of a Carbon Surface by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance and a Calibrated Gas Flow
10:34

Exploring the Radical Nature of a Carbon Surface by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance and a Calibrated Gas Flow

Published on: April 24, 2014

机械键诱导的基结稳定是机械键诱导的.

Hao Li1, Zhixue Zhu, Albert C Fahrenbach

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|November 21, 2012
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

研究人员用稳定基离子合成了新的 [2] 罗塔克桑. 这些分子机器具有可调节的穿障碍,并具有对磁性材料和导电装置的潜力.

更多相关视频

Isolating Free Carbenes, their Mixed Dimers and Organic Radicals
10:44

Isolating Free Carbenes, their Mixed Dimers and Organic Radicals

Published on: April 19, 2019

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst
06:49

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst

Published on: April 22, 2016

相关实验视频

Last Updated: May 16, 2026

Exploring the Radical Nature of a Carbon Surface by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance and a Calibrated Gas Flow
10:34

Exploring the Radical Nature of a Carbon Surface by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance and a Calibrated Gas Flow

Published on: April 24, 2014

Isolating Free Carbenes, their Mixed Dimers and Organic Radicals
10:44

Isolating Free Carbenes, their Mixed Dimers and Organic Radicals

Published on: April 19, 2019

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst
06:49

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst

Published on: April 22, 2016

科学领域:

  • 超分子化学 超分子化学
  • 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
  • 有机化学 有机化学

背景情况:

  • 罗塔克桑是机械互锁的分子,在分子装置中具有潜在的应用.
  • 稳定基离子是先进材料的重要组成部分.
  • 4,4'-双 (BIPY(2+)) 单位是氧化还原活性系统中常见的组件.

研究的目的:

  • 在4,4'-双 (BIPY(2+)) 子组件上合成一系列同类的 [2]rotaxanes,其中包括cyclobis (((paraquat-p-phenylene) (CBPQT (((4+)) 和不同长度的寡甲基烯链.
  • 为了研究由此产生的BIPY(•+) 基离子的电化学特性和稳定性.
  • 探索分子结构和环穿动态之间的关系.

主要方法:

  • 通过激素和无铜的亚酸环添加反应进行合成.
  • 通过循环电压测量,UV/vis光谱学,质谱学和1H NMR光谱学进行表征.

主要成果:

  • 成功合成了一系列 [2]rotaxanes与稳定BIPY(•+) 基离子,耐氧化.
  • 在氧化形式中观察到增强的库伦比克排斥,破坏基态同构的稳定.
  • 最小的 [2]rotaxane 在环境条件下以单基态存在.
  • 随着链条长度的增加,环转运的激活能量障碍线性增加.

结论:

  • 已经开发出一种新的方法来产生高度稳定的BIPY ((•+) 基离子.
  • 合成的 [2] 罗塔克桑为潜在的应用提供可调节的分子动力学.
  • 这些发现为构建偏磁材料和导电分子电子设备打开了道路.