使用全基因组猎枪测序对面包小麦基因组进行分析
Rachel Brenchley1, Manuel Spannagl, Matthias Pfeifer
1Centre for Genome Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK.
Nature
|November 30, 2012
概括
研究人员对面包小麦 (Triticum aestivum) 的基因组进行了测序,确定了超过9万个基因. 这种基因组资源揭示了对基因损失和扩张的见解,有助于作物改进工作.
科学领域:
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 植物生物学 植物生物学
- 农业科学 农业科学
背景情况:
- 面包小麦 (Triticum aestivum) 是全球重要的粮食来源,提供了人类20%的热量摄入量.
- 面包小麦的庞大而复杂的六倍体基因组在历史上阻碍了全面的基因组分析.
- 基因组资源对于通过遗传多样性和特征分析增加小麦产量至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了测序和分析面包小麦六倍体基因组.
- 为了将面包小麦基因组与其双体祖先进行比较.
- 识别基因和基因变异用于作物改进.
主要方法:
- 使用454光序测序测序17千兆基对六倍体面包小麦基因组.
- 与双胞胎祖先和祖先基因组进行比较分析.
- 构建高分辨率的合成地图.
主要成果:
- 鉴定了94,00096,000个基因,其中三分之二被分配给A,B和D亚基因组.
- 在保存的基因顺序中发现了许多小的破坏.
- 有证据表明,在多化和化后,有大量的基因家族成员丧失和大量的基因片段.
- 识别与能源采集,新陈代谢和生长相关的扩大基因家族,可能与作物生产率有关.
结论:
- 面包小麦基因组是高度动态的,在进化过程中经历了重大变化.
- 测序的基因组为加速基因发现和增强小麦育种提供了宝贵的资源.
- 了解基因变异和基因组动态是改善这一全球重要作物的关键.
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