南非的健康:自2009年以来的变化和挑战
Bongani M Mayosi1, Joy E Lawn, Ashley van Niekerk
1Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.
Lancet (London, England)
|December 4, 2012
概括
南非 南非 南非
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 卫生政策 卫生政策
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 自2009年以来,南非的卫生政策发生了重大转变,导致预期寿命增加.
- 解决艾滋病毒/肺结核,慢性疾病,伤害/暴力以及母亲/儿童健康的"碰撞流行病"仍然至关重要.
- 历史上的不公正和过去的行政政策继续影响当前的健康格局.
研究的目的:
- 审查和分析南非卫生部门的变革.
- 评估管理重大卫生流行病和社会决定因素的进展和挑战.
- 评估新政策的潜力,如全民医疗保健的国家医疗保险等.
主要方法:
- 分析关键卫生领域的政策和计划变化.
- 审查艾滋病毒/结核病治疗和预防方面的进展.
- 评估政府对非传染性疾病和伤害预防的举措.
- 检查健康和医疗保健系统改革的社会决定因素的进展情况.
主要成果:
- 预期寿命增加到60岁,艾滋病毒/肺结核控制和儿童死亡率取得进展.
- 尽管政府政策,但非传染性疾病的负担越来越大.
- 持续高水平的暴力和伤害,正在努力建立综合预防框架.
- 引入国家医疗保险和计划在14年内重组初级医疗保健.
- 关于卫生研究优先事项的国家共识,承诺增加研究资金.
结论:
- 虽然取得了进展,但在卫生系统整合,监测和公平的服务提供方面仍然存在挑战.
- 为了实现健康目标,转变为公平和基于功德的卫生系统至关重要.
- 解决健康的社会决定因素,特别是种族和性别不平等,对于改善公民生活至关重要.
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