离子可充电电池:一个视角
John B Goodenough1, Kyu-Sung Park
1Texas Materials Institute and Materials Science and Engineering Program, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA. jgoodenough@mail.utexas.edu
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|January 9, 2013
概括
研究人员正在探索超越离子电池的新电池化学成分,以改善电动汽车和可再生能源的储能. 新的战略集中在先进的电极材料和电解质上,以实现更安全,更高效和更具成本效益的可充电电池.
科学领域:
- 电化学 电化学 电化学
- 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
- 储能 储能 储能 储能 储能 储能
背景情况:
- 传统的可充电电池依赖于固体电极和液体电解质,面临能量密度,循环寿命和安全方面的限制.
- 电解质窗口,电极/电解质接口特性和被动化层的形成显著影响电池性能和寿命.
- 由于成本和性能限制,当前的离子电池技术难以满足对电动汽车和电网规模可再生能源存储的需求.
研究的目的:
- 审查当前可充电电池技术,特别是离子电池的局限性.
- 突出正在进行的增量改进,并探索下一代电池开发的新战略.
- 确定化学家有机会为提高电池性能和成本效益做出贡献.
主要方法:
- 在可充电电池电池中分析电极材料,电解质特性和接口现象.
- 研究被动化层的形成及其对离子转移和电池周期寿命的影响.
- 探索替代电极化学,包括排位反应和流通的氧化还原分子,以及固态电解质.
主要成果:
- 离子电池的增量改进侧重于管理被动化层,增强离子转移和优化电极形态.
- 新的策略包括探索双电子氧化还原中心,位移反应材料 (例如硫),液体阴极和空气阴极.
- 开发固体电解质分离膜为结合有机电解质和水性电解质提供了潜力.
结论:
- 在为电动汽车和电网存储开发具有成本效益,高性能可充电电池方面,仍然存在重大挑战.
- 超越传统离子系统的新方法对于未来的进步至关重要.
- 跨学科的合作,特别是涉及化学家,对于创新电池材料和设计至关重要.
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