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侵入性植物通过改变物种区域关系,对多样性产生规模依赖的影响
Kristin I Powell1, Jonathan M Chase, Tiffany M Knight
1Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA. kipowell@wustl.edu
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|January 19, 2013
概括
侵入性植物物种减少了当地多样性,但不会导致灭绝. 入侵者通过影响常见物种而导致依赖规模的生物多样性丧失,而稀有物种则免于灭绝.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
- 侵入性物种研究 侵入性物种研究
背景情况:
- 侵入性物种对全球生物多样性构成重大威胁.
- 虽然入侵性植物往往会减少当地物种的丰富性,但它们很少导致灭绝.
- 当地的多样性丧失和缺乏灭绝之间的差异需要在空间尺度上解释.
研究的目的:
- 为了调和局部多样性减少和被入侵植物引起的罕见灭绝之间的明显矛盾.
- 调查入侵物种对植物社区生物多样性的影响.
- 了解驱动入侵生态系统中物种丧失和灭绝的机制.
主要方法:
- 在三个不同的生物群体中,调查对入侵和未入侵的植物群体进行了配对.
- 分析了当地物种丰富度和物种积累曲线,随着面积的增加.
- 量化了入侵者对社区组成和物种丰富分布的影响.
主要成果:
- 与未被入侵的社区相比,被入侵的社区表现出较低的本地物种丰富度,但与面积相比,物种积累更.
- 侵入性物种导致了依赖规模的生物多样性丧失,主要是通过对个体数量的中性抽样效应.
- 非中性物种的灭绝率在常见物种中不成比例地高,这表明稀有物种对入侵影响更有弹性.
结论:
- 侵入性植物对生物多样性丧失的贡献方式取决于观测的空间规模.
- 中立采样效应和对常见物种的不成比例影响是调解入侵对生物多样性的影响的关键机制.
- 了解这些依赖规模的过程对于预测和减轻入侵物种对植物群落的长期威胁至关重要.
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