通过姓氏推断确定个人基因组.
Melissa Gymrek1, Amy L McGuire, David Golan
1Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
概括
个人基因组可以通过将Y染色体短串重复 (Y-STRs) 与公共家谱数据库联系起来来解除匿名化. 这种方法使用姓氏和元数据,可以在共享的测序数据中识别个人.
科学领域:
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 生物信息学是一种生物信息学.
- 人口遗传学 人口遗传学
背景情况:
- 基因组数据的共享正在增加,通常没有直接的个人标识符.
- 娱乐性遗传家谱数据库在规模和范围上显著增长.
- 隐私问题源于匿名数据集中的个人重新识别的可能性.
研究的目的:
- 调查从匿名基因组数据中恢复姓氏的可行性.
- 评估使用Y染色体短并列重复 (Y-STRs) 恢复姓氏的有效性.
- 评估将遗传数据与其他元数据结合用于个人识别的影响.
主要方法:
- 从个人基因组数据中对Y-STR进行分析.
- 查询公开可访问的娱乐性遗传家谱数据库.
- 使用额外的元数据 (年龄,状态) 来三角化身份.
- 对美国男性身份识别概率的定量分析.
主要成果:
- 姓氏可以成功地从个人基因组中恢复,使用Y-STR分析和公共数据库.
- 将Y-STR数据与年龄和状态等元数据结合起来,可以显著增加识别的概率.
- 该技术仅依赖于免费和公开可用的在线资源.
- 在公开测序项目中证明了参与者的高概率识别.
结论:
- 匿名的基因组数据,特别是Y-STRs,可以通过公共家谱资源与个人联系起来.
- 遗传标记和元数据的组合对公共测序数据集中的个人构成重大隐私风险.
- 未来的基因组数据共享实践必须考虑这些重新识别风险,并实施强有力的隐私保护措施.
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