全基因组的染色质状态转换与发育和环境线索相关
Jiang Zhu1, Mazhar Adli, James Y Zou
1Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
Cell
|January 22, 2013
概括
染色体组织的差异创造了多样化的细胞状态. 这项研究绘制了人体组织染色质的地图,揭示了其结构在发育过程中和体外如何发生变化,从而影响细胞的身份和功能.
科学领域:
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 表观遗传学 在表观遗传学中,表观遗传学是指表观遗传学.
- 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
背景情况:
- 染色体组织决定了细胞状态,但体内组织景观在很大程度上是未知的.
- 了解人类组织中的表观基因组变异对于阐明细胞状态至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 在各种人体组织和干细胞中绘制基因组范围的染色质组织图.
- 识别功能性基因组元素及其在不同细胞类型和条件中的调节.
- 探索全球表观遗传学特征及其与核架构和细胞表型的关系.
主要方法:
- 在大量人体组织和干细胞中全基因组染色质映射.
- 功能性基因组元素和监管模式的分析.
- 研究表观基因组特征,核架构和染色体状态过渡.
主要成果:
- 产生了前所未有的功能基因组元素及其调节的注释.
- 揭示了与核架构相关的全球表观遗传学特征,这些特征因细胞表型而异.
- 在发育规范过程中观察到渐进的染色质限制,并在体外 de novo 形成异性染色质.
结论:
- 染色体状态转换与染色体和核架构有关.
- 这些转变对血统忠实性,细胞衰老和重编程有影响.
相关概念视频
02:35Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression
Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area.
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the timing and level of...
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the timing and level of...
01:37Epigenetic Regulation
Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
X-chromosome...
01:46Epigenetic Regulation
Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
01:46Epigenetic Regulation
Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
02:25Spreading of Chromatin Modifications
The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer is an enzyme that can...
Writers
The writer is an enzyme that can...
01:01Euchromatin
The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions take up more dye, appearing darker, while the less-compact areas take up less dye and appear lighter. Based on the compaction level, chromatins are classified into two primary forms – euchromatin and heterochromatin.
Euchromatin is the less dense region of the chromatin and stains lighter. Euchromatin contains histone H3 extensively...
Euchromatin is the less dense region of the chromatin and stains lighter. Euchromatin contains histone H3 extensively...